Correctional System and the Rehabilitating Offenders

The correctional system has a way of punishing offenders in this country unlike in different countries where you might get a harsher punishment for a crime that might seem more, petty and a lesser punishment for a crime that one would consider more of a harsher crime. In our system however not only are you innocent until proven guilty but you are also allowed to have a trial that can prove otherwise. The system might not always work out how we want it to, or expect it to but it is definitely a fair way of going about it. Offenders in this country get punished on the basis of how horrible the prosecutors think that your crime was and they are the ones that for the most part dictate the form of punishment you will receive. Now in this process the family may also have a say that is considered in all of this, then a jury listens to a trial and decide for themselves the extremity of the crime and what the punishment should be. There are also different levels of correctional facilities that you can wind up in you have the local, state, federal levels. The local level is for more of your petty crimes such as DUI, shop lifting, etc. The state level is for felony level offenders and the federal level is for big time and repeat offenders for crimes like bank robbery and arson. In some cases I personally think that some of the punishments could be a little harsher, it seems like a lot of these offenders get off a little easier than they should. There are definitely times though where someone does get screwed and they get a harsh punishment for something that should’ve been a case of self defense or some other form of defense. For the most part I think that if you believe in our system that it actually really can work to your benefit. If you are in the right than the majority of the time it will prove that. If you are in the wrong than it will eventually prove that as well. Our corrections system tries to rehabilitate offenders by several different means you have imprisonment which most of the serious crimes or repeat offenders get this. The length of imprisonment is decided by a judge and the length of the sentence is decided by the nature of the crime. There is also supervised probation. Which only about twenty-five percent of offenders are sentenced to some form of probation. This punishment means that you are under specific rules by a judge to be under direct supervision while maintain a somewhat normal lifestyle. The offender is also assigned to a probation officer where they required to meet with, to make sure that they are maintaining the standards set forth by the judge. Any violation of the rules and guidelines may send the offender back to jail without a second chance of probation. The next form of rehabilitation is house arrest, which allows you to live in your own house without going to prison but it enables the police to ensure that you are in your house because they administer an electronic bracelet that you must wear around your ankle until the completion of you r sentence. With the electronic bracelet you are only able to go a certain distance away from the box that they put inside your house which links to the police system. Parole, which is the smallest of the rehabilitation system and is very similar to probation where if you don’t follow the exact guidelines set forth by the judge and the court system then you are going to end up back in jail. One of the best ways that we can help offenders rehabilitate is by severe counseling. If we can send these offenders through extreme physciatric counseling and get them to let someone know why they are the way they are I think that could make a huge difference. Another way of helping offenders to rehabilitate is by letting them further their education, a lot of these offenders probably don’t have a great education at all and if we let them continue with higher learning then maybe it well give them a better sense of belonging to society or a sense of right and wrong. From there they might be able to help in programs that talk to other people such as youth or other offenders and help them to straighten their lives out. Although both punishment and rehabilitation can be effective in reducing crime, I think that punishment is the more effective route in reducing crime, and the reason I say this is because rehabilitating isn’t always going to work with certain offenders and then you have just wasted even more money by not only housing them but also treating them. I am a firm believer that if we had harsher punishments for things in this country than we would have less offenders. If we started handing out the death penalty a little more, and when we did if we didn’t let offenders sit in a cell for ten years before they got executed then I think more people would see that we were making an example out of these offenders and they would be more likely to do it. I also think that if we brought back some of the punishments they used in the older days, that they say are cruel and unusual that we wouldn’t have as big of a problem. I think that if we stoned people, or cut off a limb when they commit a crime of greater statute than some of these people would wake up and see that this is not a form of punishment that they would like. If we keep giving offenders three meals a day and we keep giving them a place to sleep they are not going to care and they are not going to stop committing crimes. If we go back to the days of the chain gang and put offenders on the side of the road to clean up trash. What I have been saying all along is that we need to send them through a certain training course and then send them overseas to fight for our country. Obviously what they want is to fight and hurt people so let them do it where it needs to be done and that is on the battlefield. If we did that I think that there is a lot of these hardened criminals that would curl up in the fetal position and cry for their moms.

Perception About Fairness Creams Essay

Research Problem: There has been an increase in the advertisement for Fairness cream for men. Several new brands have cropped up following the lead of Fair and Handsome from Emami, the House of Fair and Lovely, the most popular fairness. We now have Vaseline and Nivea running the race to capture the market of men who wish to have fairer skin. We wished to analyse how the youngsters of today perceive this cream for fairer men, which breaks the conventional image of â€Å"Tall, Dark and handsome†. Hence, the question, â€Å"What do the Indian youth think about the Fairness Cream for men?† Objective: To understand the perception of the youth towards Fairness Cream for men. Research Methodology: As the first step towards finding the answer to this question, a qualitative research was needed. The projective technique of Association was used. Association tasks, the most commonly employed projective technique, require subjects to respond to the presentation of an object by indicating the first word, image, or thought elicited by the stimulus. The respondents were provided with two stimuli. First, Fair and Lovely to gauge their idea about fairness cream in general and fairness for women. Next stimulus was Fair and Handsome, the fairness cream for men from the same house. This was done to understand what they felt about fairness for men. Apart from the projective technique, the next method of data collection was obtrusive observation. The respondents were observed to understand and cross check the response of the respondents. Some of the respondents were further probed to understand the reason for their response. Observations: After collecting the data from a sample size of around 50, which were a good mix of both men and women, ranging from the age of 20 – 28 years, following observations have surfaced: 1. Majority of the people associate fairness cream with the brand ambassador, who generally represent beauty and grandeur. 2. While the most obvious and common association for Fair and Lovely cream was fairness or beauty, the response for Fair and Handsome was mixed. While some people associated it with handsome men, many people responded â€Å"Gay†. They believe fairness is associated with women and not something men desire. 3. The third type of response was of those people who believe fairness for men or women is more of stereotyping and not good for the society in general. These people were further probed to inquire  about the reason for the same. The response was, â€Å"India was ruled by the Whites for a long time. Somehow, Indians associate fair skin with superiority. This is also what the fairness cream advertisement also imply. A girl with fairer skin fares better in all aspects, be it personal or professional life. Similar is the scenario for men with fair skin.† 4. The last perception about fairness cream for both men and women was that they do not work and are just a gimmick to which people fall prey to.

International Legal and Ethical Issues Essay

A biotechnology company based in Candore called Gentura is contemplating entering into a partnership with a pharmaceutical company based in Florida called CadMex. Candore is a small dictatorship country. Gentura started their company by manufacturing enzymes and has grown into a biotechnology company with a focus on biopharmaceutical products. ProPez is an innovative anti-diabetes agent recently developed by Gentura. The company believes ProPez’s marketing potential will be massive. Because Gentura has no marketing or manufacturing resources, they began discussing a possible partnership with CadMex. Resolving Legal Disputes in International Transactions The choice of law determines the applicable jurisdiction if a dispute should arise between the two contracting parties. The companies have an option of litigation or using an alternative dispute resolution (ADRs). Mediation or arbitration is preferable over litigation because the costs are much lower and less time consuming. CadMex and Gentura decided international commercial arbitration would be their best route. The two parties will design a written agreement as a guide for the arbitrator to follow and know what his or her powers will consist of. An arbitrator from a neutral country will enhance the fairness of the decision. He or she has the same powers as courts do but may ask for assistance from the court in some instances. Considerations of Taking Legal Action Against a Foreign Business Partner When negotiating contracts one must consider the choices of law clauses. CadMex selected the Candore Regulations for Technology Import Contract with will benefit CadMex in that Candore will most likely enforce their own regulations. More considerations should be addressed, such as policies of the foreign government, cultural differences, and employees. These will greatly affect the way businesses conduct themselves in different countries. Sublicensing Agreements Sublicensing probably will work well for CadMex, but there are more factors to consider, such as the length and extreme costs for complying with the standards of production after sublicensing. This will keep CadMex’s goodwill and meet the requirements of control for Candore. CadMex would prefer a generic brand, but the Candorean authorities would probability reject it because of the low cost of generics. Which Customs Should Prevail if Conflicts Prevails Abroad There is a conflict with the different laws when mediation or arbitration break down, companies break contracts, or conflict intensifies. [Insert comma here to set off the adjective phrase beginning with â€Å"according to† (unless it is a dependent phrase)] According to the principles of federal supremacy the United States Constitution and treaties rule supreme and take precedence over local laws and customs. Comparing Issues in Simulation to Issues Discussed in Week One Readings These issues compare to procedural law because laws provide a framework and makes rules for seeking existing rights. International companies could also use common law with the courts making the laws based on past cases that have facts that may be similar. Domestic and international companies should resolve disputes fairly. This means to take both sides into account and judgment should be free from any form of bias.

Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law - Term Paper Example Consequently, copyright law functions more as a tool to defend creators and not as a system promoting innovation and creativity. Indirect infringement in the US comes under vicarious liability (Shapiro, Bernstein v. HL Green 326 F.2d 304 (2nd Cir. 1963)) and/or contributory liability (Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984)). Where as, in Canada indirect infringement is known as secondary infringement. At the same time with regard to "fair use" doctrine this doctrine can be used in the US in a very broad sense than in Canada. This means that the provisions of fair use are more liberally interpreted in the US than they are in Canada. This is the background of the discussion for this paper. The most important factor of copyright law is linked to the public interest. Copyright law actually protects and for ever tries to equalize the requirement for motivators for creativeness and the requirement to allow society to approach works created (B Kaplan, 1967; P Goldstein, 1970; R C Denicola, 1979; M J Radin, 1982; D Baird, 1983 and I E Novos and M Waldman, 1984). Widening the security rendered by copyright furnishes better incentives for generators, but constricts the public area, that is, the general cultural resources to which the public has contact. Bringing in the right balance linking adequate incentives for originality and limiting the public domain has at all times been, and yet is, one of the major tests of copyright law. The Canadian and US laws look very different on their face as one anticipates different consequences in both the countries with regard to infringement of copyright laws. This is true only to a certain extent. Therefore, when a report is published by the Canadian government or a group which is the agent of the crown can claim copyright of the report in Canada (Dableh v. Ontario Hydro, 1993)i. Whereas the same report, if published by any arm of the US federal government, cannot claim

How effective are the three contemporary styles of Leadership in Essay

How effective are the three contemporary styles of Leadership in project management - Essay Example All he does is elucidate on what level 5 leaders are and the features of these leaders. The leadership theory has been described as one that is revolutionary due to the amount of research Collins used to explain it. In fact, opponents of the theory have found it hard to stand against it because of this (Dettmer, 2007). Collins used the phrase level 5 leadership to examine the highest level of leaders whose aim is to form a great firm. Through the research he undertook, he was able to compare good and great firms. In his assessment, he found that all the great corporations had leaders in level 5 and nothing less. As described, level 5 leaders are modest, self-sufficient, considerate, and determined. These leaders also have succession plans in place for the good of the firm. The idea in level 5 leadership is that they are transformational. Transformational in the sense that the leader can come into a good company and go on to make it the best firm. The transformation of the company is not through sheer luck, but it is due to the exceptional qualities of the leader (Croteau & Smith, 2012). It is his supposition that not all people have the ability to become a level 5 leader, however, many individuals are capable of being one if placed in the appropriate setting and the correct professional progression. According to this theory, the leaders of a project have the ability to go against their ego for the best interests of the organization in spite of the prevailing circumstances. The leaders do not have the fear of sacking persons who do not perform, as their focus is on the results not the individual. They show a character that can be described as heartless as they enforce top-notch ideals in all levels and at all times. They are ready to sacrifice themselves and take responsibility in scenarios where mistakes are made (Mishra, et al., 2012). A good example of such a leader is Sir Alex Ferguson the former

Presenting the Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presenting the Budget - Essay Example The payment of taxes is evident in all countries. The amount of taxes increase or decrease as the tax regimes changes over the years. The tax percentage is set by the government so as to take care of the deficit that prevails in the economy. From the Five Year Financial Plan it is observed that the taxes payment is expected to rise over the years from 2012 to 2016 (New York City, 2012). This is an implication that general property and other taxes will increase with rise in number of households in New York City. Other taxes include the taxes paid by the employees of different organizations, taxes paid by the general small stores and large business. With the increase in number of business and stores the other taxes will rise at a great extent. The sub-total taxes will thus rise automatically with the passage of time. The revenue that is collected by New York City are also predicted, however the amount is expected to decrease of the years. The reason behind this decrease can be portraye d as the fluctuating exchange rate and bank rates. The saturated disposable income of the people in New York can also be a vital reason for the decrease in miscellaneous revenue of the city. The intra-city revenue is deducted from the total miscellaneous revenue so as to highlight the decrease or increase of the available fund for the city welfare (Page, 2013). The other categorical funds and inter-fund revenues are very important, these values are mandatory for the development of the city. The Federal and state Categorical Grants are also mandatory for the city as it governs the welfare of the city. It can be predicted that the total revenue of the city will increase over the years (New York City, 2012). Expenditure is evident to take place in every household and it is expected that it will rise over the years as the needs and demand of the individuals are changing with the passage of time. The demand for new product or

Trials and Verdicts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Trials and Verdicts - Research Paper Example This is the sixth year of the case and the reporter still refuses to identify the source of the story (Liptak, 2014). The matter in discussion involves the US intelligence particularly about a covert operation conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Iran that was meant to stop this country from having nuclear power. The mission was top government secret but the ex-CIA officer involved revealed it to the reporter who then wrote it in his published book as a whole chapter. The matter cannot therefore be handles by a state court as it involves the federal government and hence the reason the subpoena was from the Court of Appeals and the matter was later taken to the Supreme Court. If the case involved only the reporter and not a federal organization, then it would have been appropriately handled by the state courts but this was not the case. The case is about a soldier in Iraq that shot and killed 5 fellow soldiers two of whom were medical personnel in an open fire in their camp near the Baghdad airport. The man based on the murder charges was to be convicted to a death penalty but he instead took a plea bargain that would prevent him from being under death penalty but pleaded guilty of all the murder charges. The plea bargain deal was bargained by his lawyer and was accepted by the judge even though he would still face court trial. The plea bargain that was taken was solely as a result of his medical history and the diagnosis of a post-traumatic stress disorder at the time of the shooting (Johnson, 2013). Not many people and especially the family of the murdered soldiers would accept that justice has been served but in this case it was served. According to the report by Johnson, (2013), Russell the defendant had been suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis at the time of the shooting and the maltreatment he received from the medical personnel triggered the violence streak which he could not

Motivation and Reward Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Motivation and Reward - Case Study Example One of the major problems facing enterprises is how to get optimum results from the massive investments in these enterprises and the foremost problem among these is the problem of motivating human resources, problems of under-Utilization of abilities, frustration, instigated behavior, unfavorable job attitudes and low morale appear to prevail as much among managers and supervisors as among workers. Motivation has been defined as the force that gives rise to a behavior. There are various factors that influence the behavior and among them the needs of the individual are most important (Douglas, 1997. p.52). The main object of HRD philosophy is respect for the dignity of the worker as a human being and motivates his enormous potential for contribution and growth. HRD efforts have therefore to gain the confidence of the worker that he is seen as a member who is important to the organization. Proper communication plays a pivotal role to achieve results in this priority area. (Bhatia, 1999, p.52) Normally, a worker feels a sense of belonging when the organization shares with him various company information. Shop communication forums at the work place enable information sharing with the grass-roots levels of the workforce. The forum' holds communication sessions in the shop on various aspects of the plant with information focus on production targets and performance of the shop, cost control, energy conservation and techno-economic factors, safety, housekeeping and various other thrust areas. Since the employees themselves communicate the information to their co-workers, a unified team throbbing with commitment and zeal to deliver results trades shape at the work place. (Bhatia, 1999, p.54) Constraints are, however, faced in the vastness of the workforce. Due to vastness of the workforce, there may be some constraints, while implementing the programme. However, there is wide scope for increasing the ambit of the communication efforts and information sharing has to become an inbuilt managerial function in the shop floor. (b) Workers Luncheon Sessions and the Performance Improvement Plan Normally, in these sessions, the workers are invited to a discussion with the senior line managers of the shop on the targets and performance shot-falls/ assignments and encouraged to suggest improvements and highlight attention areas. (Bhatia, 1999, p.55) These discussions explore the latent potential of the silent workers in the shop and provide a forum for their self-expression and contribution to the process of collective decision-making. 2. Employee Facilities HRD

Parental spying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parental spying - Essay Example And because of the usage of the term â€Å"parental spying†, parental supervision was suddenly perceived as unethical where it may be deemed improper for parents to check on the activities of their children. This is aggravated by the fact that there are quarters in society who argue that children should be left on their own and that their private spaces should be respected without the presence of parents. As a result, children who are recipient of this idea complain that their parents are intruding too much that they no longer have their private space. Parents in turn became oblivious on how to deal with this new idea if it is really unethical to check on their children as what society perceives it to be. Looking at it however under the strict scrutiny and standard of morals (what is right and wrong), parental spying is not in fact unethical and has ethical and philosophical basis that it is carried out in the interest of the greater good and that it does not violate the moral rights of other. Anyone who is well verse on the basis of ethics will agree with the use of these standards in determining that it is indeed ethical to check on one’s children. The ethical and philosophical basis of parental spying can be derived from the philosophy of utilitarian ethics as espoused by the prominent 19th century philosopher John Stuart Mill. The notion of having children closely monitored or spied upon on the basis that it is in the interest of greater good and does not violate the moral rights of others has in fact ethical and philosophical grounds. We can glean on John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian ethics which is the â€Å"creed which accepts the foundation of morals, utility or the greatest happiness principles holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Oregon State University) which in this case the interest of greater good. It may even surprise people that Mill is also an advocate of personal liberty and limited government authority but will readily compromise personal liberty especially of children for the greater good of society. If one asks how parental spying serves the greater good, we can put forth the ideal that raising children to become good and responsible adults is in the interest of the greater good. Children are our future and it is only fitting that we should do everything at our own disposal to guide them so that they will not go astray. If children go astray or did not realize their potential or did not even become better, we can only imagine how our future society would become. If we let them astray and become criminals or despondent, then our society will be reduced to or slide back towards barbarism and crudity in the future. It is therefore in our best interest to prepare our children well for the future and the best way to do that is to exercise parental spying to make sure they are properly guided. Consider the opposite of parental spying which is the absentee parent where the child is left entirely on his or her own. They leave children at their tender age where their faculty to decide what right and wrong to decide for themselves or left them alone. As a result, children go astray because they became vulnerable to undesirable influences at an early age because they cannot discern what is good and bad for them which parents should have done for them. Thus, parental spying

Mean-Variance Optimization “Stimulation Approach” Essay Example for Free

Mean-Variance Optimization â€Å"Stimulation Approach† Essay To use of the balance of payments as a barometer of the forces of demand for and supply of foreign exchange in the market, it is necessary to isolate those entries which respond to relative economic conditions from those transactions which are made solely to fill the gap between the initial supply of and demand for foreign exchange. â€Å"The current account balance is often considered to be a measure of these forces. In 1980 the U. S. current account balance showed a surplus of $ 3. 72 billion. † (Groppelli, 2000)This surplus indicates that the supply of foreign currency exceeded the demand for foreign currency used to trade goods, services and gifts between the United States and the rest of the world. In the absence of any other transaction in the balance of payments, this balance will tend to put downward pressure on the price of foreign currencies against the U. S. dollar. Presenting the return for the equally-weighted portfolio of funds, the value weighted portfolio of funds, the return on the S P 500 and the percentage of funds that the S P 500 index beats. Another common approach to determine the impact of balance of payments developments on exchange rites is to obtain a reading of the forces in the market, excluding the entries which reflect government intervention in that market, the overall balance, changes in the official reserves of the United States and in the dollar reserves of foreign governments are considered to be the buffer accounts which bridge the gap between private supply and demand for foreign currencies relative to the U. S. dollar. We develop and explore the open economy intertemporal model in a slightly different manner. It provides insight into the gains from intertemporal trade, and the determinants of the optimum composition of the balance of payments. Mean Returns and Standard Deviation: Low-risk profit is not typically associated with the management of foreign exchange exposure. The key to the success of the model is not in the superiority of its forecasting equations, since these equations are far more simple than most of the alternatives used in the forecasting industry at the present time. Instead, the success is due to the use of diversification present in the model. By taking account of the interaction between forecasts, extreme positions in any currency are avoided. Since forecast errors are often highly correlated, small market biases may be profitably exploited. Every decision has its own tools to use in where you will be able to map out the likely consequences of decision, as you work out the importance of individual’s factors and choose the best course of action to take. The result of the said decision must correlate with proper action to achieve success. Whatever else happens in that decision, the manager must give up some control, and it cannot operate without the input of those concerns, and follow the procedure which is included in the process it self. It does need a variation of strategies and it’s up to the management to choose from those choices. Each business has its own problems to take and they have several of practices and strategies to deal with, these practices and strategies have been cited in the management procedures particularly appropriate in decision making The length of time required to close the deal. Second, cash transactions are often easier to execute than stock transactions. However, the fact that mergers and acquisition are undoubtedly popular as methods of business growth may lead us to conclude that they are always successful. In practice, this is not always true. A number of studies have analyzed the performance of companies after integrations and the findings are not very encouraging. This is just one of the reasons why in recent studies that many corporate marriages failed to work and ended in divorce. Optimal Portfolio may have contributed to some integration failures. Corporate growth can be restricted by government, as companies are only allowed to establish a certain market share. The integration which would result in the new organization controlling of 25% of the market is generally subject to government scrutiny which often results in such an analysis being blocked. Being prevented from expanding in a related area may force some companies to take the more risky route of diversifications, acquiring a company making different products in different markets. Data: An organize data distribution is provided so that when needed it will be one click away from the old system. Whats more these systems assist the organization in attaining its goal and will have an edge from other competitors due to electronic data capture and distribution that will help the company to have a better business opportunity, all because of major development. It only means new and better systems that allow the company to serve their customers in a well-organized manner, it also lessens the company’s expenses but rather have an increase in accurateness of orders. All the resources and requirements must be clear and have some allocation for supposition and documentation for some issues that need to be revised. Compile all the documents under control, this will help you mange the alteration that you think is not needed to the project. If ever a major change is needed you have to adjust you’re costing and estimated time. Documenting this factors help you account the changes, furthermore you will be able to explain thoroughly to your clients and stock holders. Structured project management it should contains logic, organized way and has subsequent defined steps, so the company must apply a written method where in the description of logical, organized approach is being used. Easily justified and so predominate in evaluation, many such standards are used. Just as fantasies help group members create a shared reality from perspective, stories, within narrative theory help collectively structure experiences for group members and thus serve as a foundation on which members form a common bond. They are fundamentally descriptive techniques that should be used primarily. These statistical packages contain a set of statistical test and manipulations. Descriptive or non-parametric, simple regression, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis, it recommended that any reasonably large set of data be handled through a true database or spreadsheet as described above and these files be simply read into the statistical program. There are experimental designs used most often in social and administrative science researches are simple randomized designs, randomized block designs. Efficient Frontier: Efficient frontier incorporates many benchmarks that are used in financial analysis; namely earnings, gross margins, operating margins, working capital, leverage, growth rate, etc. A company has the ability to influence its operating performance through a number of internal and external means. These include selling more products via increased marketing, enhancing margins by lowering cost structure or raising prices, or entering into new markets or selling new product lines. International market can also play an important role in improving operating performance. And there is several aspect of corporate culture that should be considered in the context of understanding the impact those mergers in the organization. The numerous models of exchange rate determination proposed in the economic literature differ primarily in their treatment of the degree on integration of national economies into a global system. The first point of connection as is seen in the debate surrounding purchasing power parity, is the extent of integration of goods markets, the question being, how freely interchangeable are domestic and foreign-produced goods? Providing the basis for exchange rate management the asset approach is an improvement compared with the simple monetary model. In the asset approach the real exchange rate is given an explicit role. However, the approach is unlikely to provide an adequate basis for regulation, when the central bank is concerned about the variability of the exchange rate.

SABmiller Strategy Case Study

SABmiller Strategy Case Study 3.1 Strategic position SABMillers one strategy is continuing to acquire other companies around the world and continuing to expand, especially in developing countries. As we all know, SABMiller and Molson Core, the two sides decided to merge operations in the United States and Puerto Rico. The two sides announced that it would form a joint venture. Johnson, Scholes Whittington (2008) defines corporate strategy as sum of companies objectives and goals and its plans for pursuing those purposes. According to Andrews (1980) corporate strategy can define the company policies, its range of businesses, and its human and economic organization and its contributions to stakeholder. From there definitions it is clear that one should analysis SABMiller business environment, core competencies capabilities and stakeholder expectation to identify SABMiller strategic position. SABMiller in current strategic position has provided us with a clear picture of the opportunities and challenges that the S ABMiller operating domestic, worldwide and its growth come though entering developing market, acquiring businesses brands, and growing them it face in the business environment but stakeholder expectation, core competency and market the reality is the strategy not match to business environment which will create a big dilemma for SABMiller. Consolidation exam of that the reducing the risk that associated the more developed market like Africa, Europe and US will ensured as firm in base of possibility of emergent market might reducing the risk on vulnerable region. It would be feasible particularly given SABMillers competence that been responded by obtaining the business success in the risky market. Further more while it is undoubtedly possible to improve the companys position in developed markets improvement need might quite marginal. 3.2 Table 1: Mission, Vision and Strategic Objective Mission Statement: Stability of reputation of the company Leverage the local and global market Increasing the number of demand Job opportunity to the local and global environment Leverage the new branding production. Competitive advantage Strategic Objectives: Assessing Reach and development RD of the brewery Analyzing the demand of the customer Reaching the stability of the economic Considering Non-factor qualitative Differentiation of the new product Visions Statement: Leverage the production and stability of the company reputations of the SABMiller. Number one operational in the market The mission and vision of the SABMiller Company will be leverage is there company will focus in certain area providing of the strategy objectives by reach and develop the production and merger to the other develop market and to be number one to the industry and help the stability of economic to the environment of the global and market place. 3.3 Strategic Options Using the Porters Generic Strategic, Ansoffs Matrix and BCG Matrix to help me evaluate and analyzed the following strategy option 1 product development, option 2 market developments and option 3 joint venture. The fist strategic choice is product development to diversity the production of improvement and growth of the quality product. For option 1 according to generic strategy the product development need to focus and diversify the differentiation product strategy which SABMiller has a unique product and might reach the target scope industry worldwide. Differentiation strategy like creating a new product like wine or liquor and sell it on the low cost of production that can effectively bust on the target scope of SABMiller. For option 1 according to ansoff matrix the product development and diversification will achieve the existing production and entering new market of the new product of the company with diversification. Product development not only in the brewery SABMiller has a lot of potential to diversify other product and continue to develop it but its must be depends to the demand of a customer. Diversification of the new product for a new market potential are more reliable to manipulate by SABMiller. For Option 1 according to BCG Matrix the question marks for SABMiller creating a new product to the new mark et it will be risk to the cost of production if the new product didnt exist to the market pretty hard to consider and evaluate what customer wants and need. The second strategic option is market development which is SABMiller has an opportunity to entering new market in any country that need to develop or re develop a production to increase higher profit and market share in every country. For option 2 according to generic strategy the low cost of leadership will achieve by having the lowest prices of the product in the target market segment, or at least the lowest price to value ratio (price compared to what customers receive). Offering the lowest price while still achieving profitability and a high return on investment, the firm must be able to operate at a lower cost than its rivals of the market. Since the SABMiller operating entire of the country they have some disadvantage of lower customer loyalty, as price-sensitive customers will switch once a lower-priced substitute is available. A reputation of the SABMiller leader may also result in a reputation for low quality, which may make it difficult for a firm to rebrand itself or its products if it chooses to shift to a differentiation strategy in future. For the option 2 according to ansoff matrix is market development strategy must be focus on develop a cost leadership may have the disadvantage of lower customer l oyalty, as price-sensitive customers will switch once a lower-priced substitute is available. A reputation as a cost leader may also result in a reputation for low quality, which may make it difficult for a firm to rebrand itself or its products if it chooses to shift to a differentiation strategy in future. For option 2 according to ansoff matrix the market development is need to focus and come out new product for the new market based on the case study the SABMiller existing product only a beer that they has a multi distribute to other county if they develop the new market they need to introduce new product. For option 2 according to BCG matrix the market development is start because if the market development will continue to develop in every market of the country the SABMiller will foresee to success. The third strategic option is joint venture to associate other developed or developing country to leverage a good stability of the SABMiller market to other county. For option 3 according to generic strategy the joint venture is differentiation not only in the product to the other association of the market every country has a different market joint venture will giving a knowledge for the local market and will giving to SABMiller new idea how to difference the product to distribution country. For option 3 according to ansoff matrix the joint venture creating a new product using there current existing market in worldwide the interrogate of changing market esp. thru technology will affect the connection of the associate people to the joint venture. For option 3 according to BCG matrix the joint venture is cash cow coz its still need to re engineer the product strategy and to re develop more joint venture to the other country but to joint venture to other country will cost higher volume of the money and massive of reaching for the company will join on SABMiller company. 3.4 Recommendation for SABMiller company are product development and differentiate there existing product and the new product considering to the other demand of other country and focus to the technology ever market will interrogated of the technology. Product development still consider the effectives of the new production so far based to the case study new beer products and transference of the beer products and brand between market. They need to be transferring brands across different market and across region for example selling different brand outside of southern African it could carry on doing well and it will expand using channel to introduce brands from across the world new market however this may not provide of the SABMiller company with the sort of growth that is now being expected of it and it may underestimate the value of loyalty across the world. Differentiate to the existing product and new production will help to increase the continue of the market growth of the SABMiller esp. across the region they need to evaluate the region market before they will entered to the new market region population of the region and analysing economic will help to cane out with the uniqueness new product but still need to invest higher capital. Joint venture to the local region will give a larger opportunity to be success but investing to the new region with new joint venture will be a area of critical long term growth, But may require a great deal patience but the SABMiller company must meet the expectation of the stakeholder and the other particularly intuitional investor across the region coz there following the insistence on the need for hard currency growth with the presence of the new countries opportunity for growth. Evaluating and analyzing will help to SABMiller to be secure there company reputation across the region and to the future market region.

Paracetamol: History, Structure and Dangers

Paracetamol: History, Structure and Dangers What is Paracetamol? Depending on where you live in the world, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide is known as Paracetamol or acetaminophen with the molecular formula of C8H9NO2. Paracetamol or acetaminophen belongs to a group of medicines which have analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reliever) properties. For these reasons it is used for reliving a person of mild to moderate pain including headache, joint pain and toothache. In Addition to controlling fever (high temperature) Paracetamol can also be used to relive symptoms of cold. History of Paracetamol The history and discovery of Paracetamol is fascinating as it was discovered by accident when a similar molecule acetanilide was put to use as an analgesic and antipyretic medicine in the late 1800s. At the approach of 20th century the discovery and synthesis of medicine was based on pure chance, as scientists randomly tested new compounds on test subjects (mainly humans, without any awareness of their possible side effects) to examine both their positive and negative effects. The discovery of Paracetamol can be linked with the discovery of acetanilide which was the first derivative of aniline (see figure 1.1) to be found to contain analgesic and antipyretic properties. Figure 1.1 shows the structure of the organic compound aniline Acetanilide was synthesised when the aniline gained a secondary amide group. This occurred when aniline was reacted with ethanoic anhydride, resulting in the production of C8H6NCOCH3 and CH3COOH (ethanoic acid). The equation for the reaction is as follows: C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2O → C6H5NHCOCH3 + CH3COOH Soon after the discovery acetanilide (see Figure 1.2) was produced to be used in therapy in 1886, and it remained in use for several years due to how cheap it was to mass produce. The painkilling properties of the synthetic organic compound acetanilide were impressive but it had to be abandoned due its high toxicity in moderate doses. For example, it was known to interfere with the function of the oxygen-carrying pigment haemoglobin which caused cyanosis in patients. Figure 1.2 shows the structure of the organic compound acetanilide As a result a new search began which lead to the discovery of a new derivative called N-4-(-Ethoxyphenyl)ethanamide(see figure 1.3). To their surprise the new derivative contained the same analgesic and antipyretic properties but was less toxic than acetanilide. The first synthesis was reported in 1878 by Harmon Northrop Morse (3). It wasn’t until 1886 that this new drug was marketed under the name phenacetin. It remains in use ever since but the usage has declined due its undesirable side effects on the liver. Although Phenacetin I still being used today in some parts of the country, it was banned in USA by the FDA in 1983 after research showed it had adverse side effects such as kidney damage. Figure 1.3 shows the structure of the organic compound Phenacetin Finally, in 1893 a German physician Joseph von Mering managed to improve phenacetin resulting in the production of Paracetamol. Unfortunately, Joseph Von Mering mistakenly thought that Paracetamol had similar adverse effects as acetanilide did and therefore ignored the discovery. It wasn’t until the 1940’s when this misunderstanding was removed after research showed that Paracetamol was the main metabolite of phenacetin (see figure 1.4) and potentially caused the desired side effects. Further studies showed that it was the other minor metabolite that caused the negative effects and that Paracetamol was responsible for the positive effects. This finally led to Paracetamol being put to use a synthetic medicine in 1953 and its being used ever since. Today Paracetamol is manufactured by a number of different pharmaceutical companies with different brand names. In the UK alone there are more than ninety over the counter medicines which contain Paracetamol. Paracetamol is sometimes combined with other medicines such as decongestants (provides relief for blocked nose). Figure 1.4 Shows Paracetamol as the major metabolite (99%) of Phenacetin (5) Mechanism of action For reducing temperature Paracetamol is believed to act on a region of the brain called the hypothalamus which is responsible for regulation of body temperature. Paracetamol reduces pain by directly interfering with chemicals in the body called prostaglandins. These prostaglandins act much like hormones (chemical messengers) but do not move to other sites, they remain in the cell in which they were synthesised in. Prostaglandin are thought to be involved in the dilation of blood vessels which cause pain. Paracetamol is recognised by the enzyme which is responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins in the body. Paracetamol inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Therefore, reduction in the number of prostaglandin reduce the awareness to pain in the body. Dangers of Paracetamol Paracetamol is a potent medicine which is easily available without any prescription, even small overdoses can be fatal, because it is metabolised into both toxic and non-toxic products in the liver. For this reason, Paracetamol is often used as suicide drug. Paracetamol overdose can cause liver failure because it is a hepatoxic, which means even in moderate doses it can cause damage to hepatocytes (liver cells). People who use Paracetamol as means of suicide die from liver damage and most of the poisoning is due to a metabolite of Paracetamol called quinone amine (see figure 1.5). Quinone amine is dangerously toxic and is eliminated from the body in the liver by a reaction with glutathione (a tripeptide). Insufficient levels of glutathione means the toxic quinone amine will not be eliminated and starts to build up. Eventually it will start to react with nucleic acids and cellular proteins in the liver causing permanent damage and eventually death. References CSID:5889, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5889.html (accessed 19:47, Oct 31, 2014) CSID:880, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.880.html (accessed 20:47, Oct 31, 2014) H. N. Morse (1878). Ueber eine neue Darstellungsmethode der Acetylamidophenole. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 11 (1): 232–233. doi:10.1002/cber.18780110151 CSID:4590, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4590.html (accessed 16:21, Nov 1, 2014) Ellis, Frank. Paracetamol a curriculum recource . RSC, http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/content/filerepository/CMP/00/000/047/Paracetamol_web.pdf. (accessed 21:1, Nov 1, 2014.]

Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandmother When I think of Mary Helen Smith, also known to me as Grandma, I think of learning, laughter and love. Now all of the felicitous times are just a big barrier of memories surrounding my heart. I can remember doing puzzles with my Grandma. The table she'd use came up to my chin when I was first interested in the concept of putting pieces of colorful cardboard together. When we had finished forming all the pieces together, I was in pure fascination of how beautiful the picture was that the pieces had formed. One time my family bought my Grandma a puzzle containing five thousand pieces. She worked on it (which took a lot of time) but eventually finished it. Grandma even made it into her city's newspaper about her puzzle. It made me feel that Grandma was famous. After she was done with it, she glued it together and stored it away underneath my Grandpa's bed. Let me say to you that this puzzle had faces on it of people all over the world. Grandpa really enjoyed having a hundred faces looking at him during the night. "All the world is looking at me," he'd say. Grandma taught me how to swim; she was a lap swimmer. When I grew up my cousins, my sister and I taught her how to do a bomb into the water. I bet she was the only Grandma in the world to do that. Grandma once popped one of my rafts by jumping on it. Remember that, Mom? You popped the other one. Grandma was involved in so many groups, clubs and activities; she was very popular. But it was time for God to take her. I can see her right now: laughing, talking and probably even doing the Charleston with her new and old friends in heaven. Grandma now is in charge of watching out over us. And in spirit she joins us today. Grandma is like a ray of sunshine. She helps light the way. She keeps us warm and comfortable. She cradles us with her warm arms. Grandma gave me so much wisdom; she was the smartest lady I ever knew. She had class and loyalty, courtesy and honor. Grandma beat me in Monopoly every time--her iron got all the good properties. She taught me how to cross stitch. She let my sister and I have a fashion show using all of her clothes and accessories. Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Grandmother When I think of Mary Helen Smith, also known to me as Grandma, I think of learning, laughter and love. Now all of the felicitous times are just a big barrier of memories surrounding my heart. I can remember doing puzzles with my Grandma. The table she'd use came up to my chin when I was first interested in the concept of putting pieces of colorful cardboard together. When we had finished forming all the pieces together, I was in pure fascination of how beautiful the picture was that the pieces had formed. One time my family bought my Grandma a puzzle containing five thousand pieces. She worked on it (which took a lot of time) but eventually finished it. Grandma even made it into her city's newspaper about her puzzle. It made me feel that Grandma was famous. After she was done with it, she glued it together and stored it away underneath my Grandpa's bed. Let me say to you that this puzzle had faces on it of people all over the world. Grandpa really enjoyed having a hundred faces looking at him during the night. "All the world is looking at me," he'd say. Grandma taught me how to swim; she was a lap swimmer. When I grew up my cousins, my sister and I taught her how to do a bomb into the water. I bet she was the only Grandma in the world to do that. Grandma once popped one of my rafts by jumping on it. Remember that, Mom? You popped the other one. Grandma was involved in so many groups, clubs and activities; she was very popular. But it was time for God to take her. I can see her right now: laughing, talking and probably even doing the Charleston with her new and old friends in heaven. Grandma now is in charge of watching out over us. And in spirit she joins us today. Grandma is like a ray of sunshine. She helps light the way. She keeps us warm and comfortable. She cradles us with her warm arms. Grandma gave me so much wisdom; she was the smartest lady I ever knew. She had class and loyalty, courtesy and honor. Grandma beat me in Monopoly every time--her iron got all the good properties. She taught me how to cross stitch. She let my sister and I have a fashion show using all of her clothes and accessories.

Ralph Ellisons novel, Invisible Man. Essay -- English Literature

Ralph Ellison's novel, Invisible Man. The unnamed, main character and narrator of Ralph Ellison's novel, Invisible Man, goes through the story being thrown from one ideology to another in search for a sense of individual truth. The narrator finds that following an ideology does not help him find individualism whatsoever but only confines what he can be. The narrator's grandfather gave him his first and most prominent ideology in which he were to follow. "Son, after I'm gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemy's country ever since I give up my gun back in reconstruction. Live with your head in the lion's mouth. I want you to overcome 'em to death with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, and agree 'em to death and destruction, let 'em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open." In his last testaments, the narrator's grandfather is trying to give a guide to overcoming the white man oppression by pretending to enjoy attending to the white man's desires. Race st...

Gas Laws Lab Essay

Introduction: The four basic physical properties of a gas sample are pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles. The volume simply indicates the volume of the container since a gas will take up all space available to it. The temperature indicates the average kinetic energy of the gas particles. For gases, the temperature must be converted to the Kelvin unit. The pressure of the gas indicates the number of collisions with each other and the wall of the container. The number of moles indicates the amount of gas particles. Gases do not have a definite shape of volume. Gases spread out into their container and occupy the entire volume available, which means they are free to move around and have large amounts of empty space. In many chemical reactions, gases are produced; for example, reactions involving metal carbonates that react with an acid produce gaseous carbon dioxide. Objective: To determine the volume of gas produced from a reaction between a metal carbonate and acid and to determine the identity of an unknown carbonate salt. Pre-Lab Questions: 1. If you increase the temperature what happens to the speed of the particles? Explain. 2. What is the formula to convert Celsius temperature to Kelvin? a. Â °C+273.15=K 3. What are the standard conditions for a gas? Are you at standard conditions in the lab? 4. Boyle’s Law – The principle that the volume of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, as long as temperature remains constant. Boyle’s law is a subcase of the ideal gas law. P1V1 = P2V2 Charles’ Law – The law of volumes. The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas. (Temperature must be in Kelvin). V1T1= V2T2 V/T = K V1T2 = V2T1 Gay-Lussac’s Law – Pressure is directly proportional to temperature if the volume is constant. P1/T1 = P2/T2 5. What is the Ideal Gas Law in formula form? What is the value for the proportionality constant with units? Why are those units so important? b. PV = nRT c. C = PV / T 6. Write the balanced equations for CaCO3, BaCO3, Li2CO3, and Na2CO3 reactions with hydrochloric acid. 7. Calculate the molar mass of these same four metallic carbonates. LiCo3 = mass/mole; 3.0036g/0.0344 mol = 87.31 g/mol Materials/Equipment: * 3.0 M HCl (aq) * 5 ml graduated cylinder * Balloon String * Scissors * Weighing paper * 3g of unknown #2 carbonate salt * Funnel Procedures: First measure out 5ml of 3.0 M HCl into the graduated cylinder and weigh 3 g of the unknown carbonate salt. Using the funnel, pour the unknown carbonate salt into the balloon and put the open end of the balloon over the graduated cylinder and secure with a string. It is important to make sure the string is very tight to prevent the gas from leaking. Empty the contents of the balloon into the graduated cylinder that contains the 3.0 M HCl. After the gas fills the balloon, use a string and measure the circumference of the balloon.| Observations:Carbonate is limiting reactant.| Conclusion: Based upon our experiment, equations, and calculations that our unknown Carbonate Salt for Unknown # D was Li2CO3 – Lithium Carbonate. There could be a number of factors that could have caused us to receive an 18.1% error. How we held the balloon when tipping it over the acid could greatly affect the radius of our balloon.

Legalize anabolic steroids

SummaryThere is a huge national concern over the misuse and abuse of anabolic steroids for enhancement of muscular stature and performance among competitive athletes.   Latest estimates have shown that approximately 5% of all high school students have used anabolic steroids, with almost half of the high students believing that these drugs are not harmful to their health.   Drug enforcement legislations have included anabolic steroids in its list of traffic-controlled substances (21 USC Sec. 801 1/22/02; Schedule III).   However, the bigger picture of the medical and research benefits of anabolic drugs have been overlooked due to the sensationalize media coverage of these drugs.   Current scientific researches are still inconclusive on whether anabolic steroids are extremely unsafe for administration, opposite to what has been actively claimed by anti-drug officials and government authorities.DatesThe Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 (ASCA) was established to regulate the distribution of anabolic steroids in the United States.   The Drug Enforcement Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice has been mandated to implement measures to protect the people from these dangerous drugs.   A four-part definition of anabolic steroids serves as a blueprint to identify any analogues of the chemical substance that may be uncontrollably dispensed to athletes and other youths.The definition included substances that are chemically and pharmacologically similar to testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, as well as a very close likeness in its enhancement for muscle growth.   The Act classified anabolic steroids in the same category as barbiturates and LSD precursors and claim that these substances result in dangerous effects to the human body.   The Act declares that any individual caught in the possession of these anabolic steroids will be arrested and prosecuted.   The list of anabolic steroids in the Act are continuously being updated, as new versio ns of these drugs are progressively being created through the years.AddressesDrug Enforcement AdministrationU.S. Department of JusticeWashington, D.C.   20038-8083SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONBackgroundAnabolic androgenic steroids are testosterone derivatives that are mainly used for muscle and performance enhancement.   These drugs are frequently used by competitive athletes in order to achieve an edge or better control of their physical strength and performance during professional sports games.   Retrospective surveys indicated that anabolic steroids have been used since the 1960s to date (Duchaine, 1983), with current national user rates ranging from 3% to 9% among high school students alone.   The exact effect of anabolic steroids in the developing human body has not been fully studied, and the increase in number of reports of teenage athletes committing suicide has called the attention of the legislation to assess and review drug enforcement laws covering this specific drug .It has been reported that the prolonged use of anabolic steroids have may cause a number of adverse effects to the human body, including liver damage, gynecomastia, atherogenesis, psychiatric disorders such as aggression and violence, and even death (Balbigian, 2001; Brower, 2002; Glazer, 1991; Pope and Katz, 1990; Malone et al. 1995).   Investigations on the nationwide use of anabolic steroids have prompted Congress to establish the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990, which mainly indicates that the non-medical employment of anabolic steroids is punishable by law.   Any violations will be penalized by at least 15 days to 5 years imprisonment and/or $1,000 to $1,000,000 fine, depending on the extent of the violation.   So far, the general public has supported the Anabolic Steroid Control Act, mostly due to the massive and militant media coverage of the topic.However, the actual negative effects of the use of anabolic steroidal drugs have not been comprehensively investigate d to date, and that the reports that have been disclosed in the media have been isolated cases picked out from millions of cases of teenage users around the United States.   Scientifically, the adverse effects from the prolonged use of anabolic steroids remain inconclusive to date, and in actuality, anabolic steroid use has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of medical disorders.In one report, it has lately been determined that the effect of an anabolic steroid to the treatment of weight loss in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is equivalently effective and safe as compared to the commonly administered recombinant growth hormone that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (Storer et al. 2005).   In another scenario, the administration of an anabolic steroid has been beneficial in prostate cancer patients by preventing further migration of prostate cancer cells to other parts of the body (Guerini et al. 2005).   The anabolic steroid oxandrolone has been successfully used in the treatment of muscle loss in patients diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and may be a potential powerful candidate for general treatment of such types of patients (Balagopal et al. 2006).Scientific research shows that anabolic steroids provide more beneficial effects than what has been claimed by legislation as serious, adverse effects to the human body.   More so, the negative reports that have associated with the use of anabolic steroids have not been investigated scientifically and have only achieved much attention through the help of media and press coverage.   Therefore, it is imperative that the legislative bodies review the restrictions associated with the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 and fully determine the actual effects of anabolic steroid intake.   It is regretful to know that there are other drugs and activities that are much more deleterious or harmful to people but are not actively controlled by the Sen ate, including smoking, cosmetic surgery and over-the-counter drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which has caused even more cases of deaths and hospitalizations that anabolic steroids.The Proposed RuleBased on the above information on the current status, knowledge and use of anabolic steroids, we would like to propose that anabolic steroids be legalized for use in the United States.   In turn, we would like to emphasize the need for further scientific research to determine the mechanisms of action of each type of anabolic drug to gain a better understanding of its indications and contraindications.   There should be a comprehensive survey on the frequency of use of anabolic steroids across the human population, with stratified categories of users such as teenage athletes, geriatric patients, cancer patients, and so on.   Any cases that report any adverse effect from use of anabolic steroids should be properly documented and analyzed.   Should there be sufficient reason tha t anabolic steroids be stopped from circulation in the community, we are willing to review these effects once significant information has been gathered from reliable reports.Legal ConsiderationsAs the use of anabolic steroids is legalized, we in turn, propose that a nationwide surveillance program on the use of anabolic steroids be implemented by the Drug Enforcement Administration, as a measurement tool on the exact effects on the use of these substances.   The information that will be gathered will be integrated into an national anabolic steroid database for analysis and interpretation.   All anabolic steroid cases will be included in the database, including any advantages, disadvantages or no visible effects that may be related to the intake of this drug.The surveillance program will be conducted for 2 years, of which at its culmination, will be evaluated and further amendments will be based on the results of the analysis and interpretation of this database.   Such survey w ill provide a better understanding of the effects of anabolic steroid use, which will be more reliable, robust and scientific, and we will not have to depend on influences or propaganda from the media or other government officials.ReferencesBabigian A, Silverman RT (2001): Management of gynecomastia due to use of anabolic steroids in bodybuilders. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.   107:240–242.Balagopal P, Olney R, Darmaun D, Mougey E, Dokler M, Sieck G and Hammond D (2006):   Oxandrolone enhances skeletal muscle myosin synthesis and alters global gene expression profile in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.   Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 290:E530–E539.Brower KJ   (2002): Anabolic steroid abuse and dependence. Curr. Psychiatry Rep.   4:377–383.Duchaine D., ed. (1983):   Underground Steroid Handbook, 1st Ed. California: HLR Technical Books, 84pp.Glazer G (1991): Atherogenic effects of anabolic steroids on serum lipid levels. Arch. Intern. Med. 151:1925–1 933.Guerini V, Sau D, Scaccianoce E, Rusmini P, Ciana P, Maggi A, Martini PGV, Katzenellenbogen BS, Martini L, Motta M and Poletti A (2005):   The androgen derivative 5ÃŽ ±-androstane-3ÃŽ ²,17ÃŽ ²-diol inhibits prostate cancer cell migration through activation of the estrogen receptor ÃŽ ² subtype.   Cancer Res.   65(12):5445-5453.Malone DA Jr, Dimeff R, Lombardo JA, Sample BRH (1995): Psychiatric effects and psychoactive substance use in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Clin. J. Sports Med. 5:25–31.Pope HG Jr. and Katz DL (1990): Homicide and near-homicide by anabolic steroid users. J. Clin. Psychiatry   51:28–31.Storer TW, Woodhouse LJ, Sattler F, Singh FB, Schroeder ET, Beck K, Padero MC, Mac P, Yarasheski KE, Geurts P, Willemsen A, Harms MK and and Bhasin S   (2005):   A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nandrolone decanoate in human   immunodeficiency virus-infected men with mild to moderate weight loss with recombinant human growth hormone a s active reference treatment.   J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.   90(8):4474–4482.

Are computer teachers better than human teachers Essay

Although computer teachers have some advantages, I prefer humanteachers. Human teachers make learning fun, and they can be caring and understanding. Computer teachers do have some advantages. The computer teachers can teach more than the humanteachers can in about the books. They have better memory than the human teacher has because they are computers, computer can memorize anything. Moreover, computer teachers will be fairly to all of the students. In addition, students learn from the computers, they can learn more independently because t he computer cannot care when they do not pay attention in the class. However, humanteachers sometimes have a sense of humour and are more fun than computers. The human teacher can teach the students in the best way, they know what the students want. Moreover, they can make the students know what life is; the humanteachers can talk their life experience to the students, this is very important to the future of the students. The students can learn some things that out of the books from the humanteachers. Moreover, they will care the students, they will care what do the students will do after school or do they feel happy or not. The humanteachers also can make friends with the students. Computers have not feeling and therefore they do not understand the feeling of students, but teachers care for students and encourage them. Human teachers can do many things to the students but the computer teachers cannot. For example, the ways that they teach, the computer teachers just have one way to teach, but humanteachers have many ways. The computer teachers do not have life experience, they cannot talk about life, but the humanteachers have. The computer will not care about the students and they cannot make friends with the students, but the humanteachers can. Why do the humanteachers can do more things to the students than the computer teachers can? Because they are human, they are not machines. Human know what human want, the human teacher may have the same past to the students. They will understand the students feeling, they can help the student solve their problems. Therefore, the humanteachers are better than the computer teachers  are.

Summary of ‘Villa for Sale’

A  for sale is a drama written by Sacha Guitry. In this drama Juliette puts up her villa for sale. some customers come to see the villa but they do not buy it. after almost a month, Juliette gets a call saying a lady will come to buy it. a french couple Gaston and Jeanne come to take a look at the villa. while waiting for the owner of the villa, gaston indicater that he has no intention of buying a villa. Juliette enters and gives a complete discription of the villa. after much bargaining Juliette reduces the price from 2,50,000 francks to 2,00,000 francks. aston doesn ‘t agree and is about to leave when Jeanne wants to have a look around the villa. Jeanne wants to see the upper floor Gaton doesn ‘t joins them. Mrs al Smith arrives to look at the villa. she mistakes Gaston as the owner of the villa. She buys the villa for 3,00,000 francks. When Jeanne returns after looking at the top floor,she indicates that she has lost the idea of buying the villa but Gaston desires t o buy the villa for 2,00,000 francks. Juliette is still unaware that Gaston has sold the villa to mrs al smith. Gaston ‘s ingenuitnity is later discovered by Jeanne. Villa for sale is nothing but just about a woman( Juliette) who sells her house to a couple in hastiness,and Mr. Gatson who buys the house sells it to another american who assumes Gatson to be the husband of juliette when his wife Jeanne and Juliette go to inspect the top floor of the house. it is all about the tricky minded Gatson. ] n my point of view – the whole drama itself is a satire (wrote with one intention, to ridicule a person in the form of a poem or a play). Here Gaston is a witty character and throughout the drama he does not agree with Jeanne thinking that this villa is impossible. His words are short but very thoughtful. He is extremely witty and clever in his replies. â€Å"On the principle of people who like children and haven't any can always go live near a school† As the summary we can conclude that the use of a character like Gaston enhanced the thoughts of the writer thus helping the reader visualize what the real story is about. By another post I have described all the the characters of Villa For Sale. Because I haven't putt it in here I thought it is boring read a such long post at once.

Resistance Efforts of the Biblystock Ghetto, Sobibor Concentration Essay

Resistance Efforts of the Biblystock Ghetto, Sobibor Concentration Camp uprising, and Partisian Groups - Essay Example Despite their defeat, the Jews chose to die while resisting the Nazis rather than die in concentration camps helpless. Many of the Jews were eventually brutally killed even though they tried to resist. Some committed suicide while others just waited for fate to take its course. (Arad 323). Most of the resisters were confined and later transported to concentration camps, and others were murdered on the spot. The efforts of the Jews living in Biblystock ghetto were not successful as expected by the Jews. Most of them were killed after their resistance failed to bore fruits. Sobibor concentration camp accommodated Jews deported from diverse locations like â€Å"France, Germany, Poland† and other areas (Arad 324). The Jews were transported by train to the camp, and later killed in gas chambers. More than two hundred thousand Jews were killed in Sobibor. The Jews decided to be rebellious and decided to form an organization that was to kill German soldiers. Their objective was to free themselves from the sufferings and brutal killings. Nonetheless, their mission was not successful the Jews were only able to kill eleven German soldiers and a few camp guards. Their initial objective was to kill the German soldiers, and walk out of the camp free (Arad 325). Nonetheless, the murder of the soldiers and camp guards were discovered and the camp was set on fire. The prisoners tried free themselves from the fire, but only a half of the total prisoners were able to escape from the camp. In the end only a few of the escapees endured the war, while the rest of the prisoners died in mine fields and others were recaptured and brutally killed by the Germans (Arad 326). Partisans groups started forming resistance organization after the German soldiers attacked them. The partisans’ resistance was considered one of the successful resistances against the Germans (Arad 327). At the initial stages, the group was poor in resources and without

Add to all bullets that is in yellow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Add to all bullets that is in yellow - Essay Example Data used in this qualitative ethnographic study design comprise of structure interviews, peer reviewed journals, and analysis of materials and documents. The study creates an understanding to the barriers older citizens face while adopting new technology. The address importance to policy developers and NGO’s (Non-government Organizations) who are concerned with integrating senior citizens into new technology. Lack of interest in technology will adversely affect senior citizens, as they will miss convenient methods of managing their financial prospects. In-depth understanding of advancements within the technology sector liberates individuals regardless of their age differences from a financial point of view. Financial institutions such as banking institutions grant their customers access to their various accounts in the comfort of their work areas or homes. Internet banking continues to transform the banking sector, as clients are able to customize and manage their bank accounts according to their unique preferences. In addition, senior citizens benefit from access to health-related information. Technological advancements such as the internet and social media platforms create opportunities for senior citizens to access such information. This saves them from accumulating medical expenses incurred during consultation forums. Purpose statement The purpose of this qualitative ethnographic study is to evaluate which senior citizens are positive about the use of technology and observe the technology needs. The Senior Technical Analysis interview designed to interview 30 seniors from various ethnic and economic backgrounds from the Metro Detroit area of Michigan. The study supports knowledge to help government agencies to understand the importance of senior citizens gaining computer skills to enable them to conduct personal business. The study address needs in the community to understand the technology needs

Incarceration Rates Disparity in Provincial and Federal Prisons Essay

Incarceration Rates Disparity in Provincial and Federal Prisons - Essay Example Less representation is registered among the white boys and other ethnic groups. Among girls, only the aboriginal communities have registered increased misrepresentation in the jails which are rated at 10 percent higher than other ethnic groups in the Ontario prisons. Statistics have indicated that indicated that over-representation of the Aboriginal people in the prisons has been on the increasing trend over the past 30 years. The statistics escalated after the Second World War and the trend has accelerated over the years. If the current trend is to continue, then the number of Aboriginal people under incarceration is likely to be higher than those out of prisons which are indeed a worrying trend. Despite the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act of 2003 that has seen a steady decrease in the number of incarcerations among the youths; the trend has not been witnessed among the aboriginal boys and girls. The provincial jails must rise and act on the increased number of deaths of black youths that has been witnessed lately through gunshots by police and other security agencies. This calls for a change of tactics on how security issues are to be handled in the country and that massive incarcerations is not the solution. International bodies such as the United Nations have expressed their concern about the need to reduce the increased overrepresentation of aboriginal and black races in the federal and provincial prisons. In Manitoba, similar situations seem to exist based on how the Aboriginal people are treated in relation to incarcerations. Despite the fact that they only form 12% of the entire province population, they dominate the jails and account for more than 0ne-half of the people who are incarcerated in the correctional centers at any given time. It is indeed very shocking that in a nation where justice is expected to be blind to racial differences only one ethnic group seem to dominate the prisons.  

Nursing theory in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing theory in practice - Essay Example The purpose of Orem’s theory relates to the holistic approach to nursing. According to Orem, a human being is someone who â€Å"is an integrated whole composed of an internal physical, psychologic, and social nature with varying degree of self-care ability† (Bridge, Cabell & Herring, 2007). The essence of the theory is that all patients are able to take care of themselves. The role of nursing is this regard is that nursing serves as an art, which allows nurses to provide specialized care to people with disabilities of such a nature that more than usual care is required for fulfilling the daily needs of self-care and to intelligently take part in the delivery of care from the physician to the patient. In Orem’s perspectives the environment can be considered as a collection of various dimensions, which include physical, chemical and biologic features and socioeconomic features. The socioeconomic aspect of the environment primarily encompasses the family and the com munity and includes elements such as gender and age roles, norms, and cultural values. On the other hand, the physical, chemical and biologic features would entail the atmosphere, pollutants, weather conditions and pets amongst other factors (Bridge, Cabell & Herring, 2007). ... However, critics have come to common grounds with respect to the world view of the theory. It is common consensus that Orem’s perspective on the interaction between the person and the world is representative of the reciprocal interaction world view. Orem further regards her world view as an illustration of moderate realism (Bridge, Cabell & Herring, 2007). This entails that human beings are actively involved in an ongoing process of development and are struggling for their self-ideal, along with the owner of absolutely human traits like free will (Banfield, 2008). The theory presents the notion that people are able to maintain their life and well-being by caring for themselves (O’Connell, 2009). Orem classified the needs and requirements of the patients into three groups. These include the universal self-care deficits, developmental self-care deficits and health deviation requisites. The critique of SCDNT ranges from it being explicit and simple to generality. According to Marriner-Tomey and Alligood (2006) the terms that Orem has used in the description of the theory are very precise. The language that has been utilized is in compliance with the language deployed in action theory and philosophy. Moreover, the entire length of the theory conforms to a congruency in the usage of the terminologies. This can be exemplified from the fact that the term self-care has an array of meanings in different contexts. However Orem’s dexterity lies in her ability to precisely put forth a definition of self-care which is not only uniquely presented, but does not conflict with other interpretations of the concept. Critics have also

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 28

Philosophy - Essay Example Gene flow can happen either through hybridization or by exchange of DNA sequence by bacteria or virus. Bacteria and virus have the ability to transfer genes across specie. The gene flow can also result in the formation of a combined gene pool which will have both the characteristics of the two population groups. Thus the barriers to gene flow as well as the gene flow itself, both have the potential to bring about species diversity and take evolution ahead. Genetic drift is the change in the frequency of a DNA sequence, usually called allele. This phenomenon totally depends on chance. When a new member is born in a species, the alleles that will be taken up into the genetic make up of that individual will be through a process of random sampling. And if that individual lives enough to reproduce, only then there is an assurance that the specific alleles in his genes have a scope to survive. It is in this way that the allele frequency changes within a population and this leads to genetic variance within species. Thus a new generation may emerge which may either have lost one genetic trait or may have strengthened one genetic trait of the species, more visibly. Mutations are sudden changes in DNA sequence, of an organism, caused by many factors including, viruses, radiation, mutagenic chemicals, errors during DNA replication, transposition of DNA sequences within the genome, and errors in cell division while sexual reproduction. It has been proved that mutations have a great role in the process of evolution, that is, in the birth of new species, particularly, in smaller life forms like viruses and bacteria. But for higher life forms, mutations are harmful or neutral with respect to the survival of the specie. 2. Race is a social construct rather than a scientific classification. All human beings belong to the species, Homo Sapiens. The concepts and categories of race have not been constant and these have been changing in the history of human kind.

Enviromantal engneering project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enviromantal engneering project - Essay Example rmore, instead of excavating and transferring the contaminated soil to another site, this process proved successful as it was done on site- saving time and energy. Bioremediation- According to Prof. Shaily Mohindra of UCLA, conventional technologies for cleaning ground water are not always effective. Moreover, these methods usually move pollutants from one point to another. For that reason, Mohindra endorses Bioremediation using Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans bacteria for the mitigation of next generation pollutants e.g. Perfluorinated compounds, nano materials, and dioxane. The progress of remediation will be monitored usin stable isotopes. Pump and treat- The application of pump and treat technology in Hanford has been successful in soil and ground water remediation. By 2011, 24.7 billion gallons of ground water had been treated, although the whole process of remediation will be completed in the next 25 years. At the end of the remediation process Contaminants such as plutonium and i ts derivatives e.g. Carbon tetrachloride will be successfully removed from the soil and ground water. In situ thermal remediation- pump and treat technology had been used for more than 17years to clean up chlorinated solvents from the subsoil in Stuttgart with minimal success rates. However, in January 2013 an in-situ thermal remediation pilot test offered a suitable alternative for remediation even under prevailing difficult geological conditions in Stuttgart. Monitored natural attenuation- The Company was justified as it relied on natural processes to clean up the site. An environmental disaster similar to the silent spring has also been observed in Oregon (Lower Columbia). Since 1985, conservation centered on removing the nearly extinct bald eagle from the federal extinction list resulted in significant overall increase in bald eagle numbers. Yet, in lower Columbia most of the eagle nests in the lower Columbia failed to hatch eaglets; and have been producing half the number of

How do movies or television influence peoples behavior use reasons and Essay

How do movies or television influence peoples behavior use reasons and specific examples to support you answer - Essay Example The first thing to note is that both television and movies happen to be aa great medium through which artists talents are demonstrated throughout the world. Through TVs people receive world news. It is a source of entertainment too. Individuals get relaxed when they take time to watch films. Children as ell learn from TV as they watch certain channels such as fox history, discovery among others. These are just but a few of positive benefits of television ad movies that positively affect the behaviors of people (Mariam, 2013). On the other hand, most children take more time to watch television as compared to time spent on outdoor sports. Such behavior is unhealthy and results to diseases such as eyesight problems, obesity as well other diseases. Surveys have shown that those children who spent most of their time watching TV do not do well in class. They become addicted to watching TV and prefer watching programs over doing their school homework. This is more common today now especially that most children have in their own bedrooms, their TV sets. Most people think that if there is no bad content showing in the TV then there is no need to stop the kid from watching TV. This makes children love TV and become lazy in class. It is the idea of many people that movies as well as television reflect the society. However, this is not the truth mostly. Most people today like watching movies and TV programs that ha violence within the content. Criminals learn from movies new tactics as well as tricks which they apply in murder, robbery and other harmful activities. Most young people today engage in crime as an influence of TV and movies. Another thing is that through movies, the under aged are able to access porn material easily (Mariam, 2013). It is well know that the youth can watch a lot of stuff in their bedroom TV sets. The bottom line is that as advantageous as it is, the system has a huge negative impact on individuals’ behavior too. The fact is that

Market and Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Market and Social Research - Essay Example The word frequently means daily in a week. Alcohol is the drug that many youths prefer; this is because of many young people like experimenting that leads to experiencing many consequences of too much drinking. As a result, underage drinking is currently rated the first public health problem in the country(Norman 2011, pg. 504). According to the latest survey of 2005 of monitoring the future, showed that youths as young as eight years were getting involved in drinking of alcohol. Moreover, when they drink they use to drink intensively, often consuming five to six drinks at one time. The research result showed that average age of engaging in the use of alcohol was 14 as compared to 17 years in1960 and serious drinking that was associated with middle age begun to appear during the young adulthood and occasional adolescence. In United Kingdom, many researchers have been done to answer the question why young adults get involved in binge drinking. One of the explanations was that; as adolescence move to young adulthood they occasionally encounter a full dramatic change in their lives. These changes include physical, lifestyle, independence and emotional changes. Such developmental transitions have associated them with drug use mostly alcohol abuse. Therefore just being a young adult is a risk factor for drinking dangerously(Courtney & Polich 2009, pg. 146). With the continuous rise of alcohol abuse among the young adults and teenagers, there is a need that should be taken to prevent the vice from escalating further. It means that the study must be performed to determine the knowledge and awareness of the population at risk of alcohol abuse, and the methods that can be used to prevent the vice. Some methods that can be used include; introducing stringent rules in pubs regarding drinking alcohol, collaborating with landlords to evict those young adults who are the worst drinkers, and changing the outlet to

Renewable Energy Essay Example for Free

Renewable Energy Essay Renewable energy is energy from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, these resources are naturally replenished. Renewable energy does not harm the environment or deplete any of our natural resources like fossil fuel. Renewable energy is not subject to sharp price changes because it comes from natural resources. Biomass is currently the largest U. S. renewable energy source with more than two hundred existing bio power plants providing energy for one point five million American homes, according to renewable energy specialist Davor Habjanec. The first time I heard the political differences about renewable energy was the last presidential debate. President Obama stated that he has and will continue to invest in renewable energy, like windmills and solar power. His opponent, Mitt Romney accused Obama of not using more fossil fuels found in America, from building a pipeline in Alaska to investing in oil and natural gas. Romney also claimed that the Obama administration was not expanding research of renewable energy. President Obama’s economic stimulus package included a number of incentives like thirty percent tax credit for renewable energy. Even though coal, oil and natural gas is limited and prices for it reflect that limitation there are still some disadvantages to renewable energy it cannot be stored like fossil fuels. Even though solar power can be stored for a short period of time and if there is no sun light for a number of days you will have no power from solar energy, same for wind energy. The research of renewable energy is very expense. With the economy being as bad as it is forcing cuts to be made in school programs and social programs some believe that we should not be investing so much in renewable energy. They do not dispute that investment in renewable energy does not create jobs. They believe that the same investment should be used on other parts of the economy and that investment will create more jobs and higher payback. According to the U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, a million dollars invested in job creation can generate nine point seventy-eight jobs.

Values of Nursing, Person, Health, and Environment

Values of Nursing, Person, Health, and Environment The values of nursing are acquired during socialization into nursing code of ethics, nursing experience, teachers and peers. Watson (1982, pp 20-21) outlined four important values of nursing; strong commitment to service, belief in the dignity and worth of each person, commitment to education and professional autonomy. Nursing education, concepts and programs for improving the knowledge in health facility are provided to maintain moral, theoretical and clinical values in the health setting Socalsy, 2008). The personal values of a person depends on the richness or intensity of the inculcation of knowledge, positive values and skills not simply based on the innate capacity of one to evaluate, think, reason and interact in a learning situation but the availability moral standards. It also equally depends on the quality of personal experiences which are either limited by the persons ability and will to choose or by what is desirable to her which is readily accessible in the environment (Craney, 2008). Health is valued automatically by an individual regardless of the existence of other personal priorities and values. People value health as important priority despite other things. Health considered as a good individual experience (Socalsy, 2008). Environmental Values is concerned mainly with the justification and basis of policy regarding the environmental. Its objective is to bring together the law, philosophy, economics contributions, which can be relate to the current and future of human environment and other living things; and to clearly understand the relationship between more fundamental underlying assumptions or assumptions and practical policy issues (Craney, 2008). Describe how teaching/learning best occurs? Compare the various levels of  nursing education? (LPN, ADN, BSN, MSN) The key to successful knowledge development is competent learning and effective communication during the practice to achieve the goal of competency. This will determine the path of being an effective and competent nursing professional. This is where the teaching and learning best occurs (Aikon, 2009). Approved practical or vocational nursing programs (LPN) are provided by community colleges, vocational schools, hospitals, or other independent health agencies. These programs usually last 9 or 12 month and provide both classroom and clinical experiences. License Practical nurse practices under the supervision of a registered nurse in a nursing home, clinics, hospital or rehabilitation. Taeching best occurs in this level through formal classroom instruction, students learned by doing, that is, providing care to clients in hospitals. Associate degree programs (AND) are offered in the Unted States primarily in community colleges although some 4-year colleges also have AND programs. The graduating student receives an AND or an associate of arts (AA) or associate in applied science (AAS0 degree with a major in nursing. Learning best occurs in through provision of specific information about type of knowledge, skills, and abilities of ADNs education program. ADNs currently function under t he same practice acts as BSN graduates. Todays baccalaureate nursing programs (BSN) are located in 4-year colleges and universities and are 4 to 5 years in length. The curricula offer courses in the liberal arts, sciences, humanities and nursing. Graduates must fulfill both the degree requirements of the schools or universities and the nursing program before being awarded a baccalaureate degree (Silber, 2003). The BSN program meet the learning needs of students through challenges and opportunity to pursue a self-paced, independent study or online programs. Masters degree program (MSN) provides specialized knowledge and skills that enable nurses to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration and research. Todays masters program generally takes one and half to two years to complete. Learning best occurs in MSN program through provision of specialized knowledge and skills that enable student to have an advanced knowledge in practice (Aikon, 2009). Overview of what shou ld be some expected teaching knowledge, skills, and abilities. Name three goals for the first year of teaching? Nurses are expected to possess leadership skills, critical thinking ability, health promotion and case management skills in teaching. Their ability to be competitive in teaching satisfies a variety of learning. This improves knowledge as well as educational requirement, nursing practice and patient outcomes (Giovanetti, 2007). They provide sufficient information that will aid policymakers, practice leaders and researchers to recognize that entry level education makes a difference in nurses practice. Nurses should make them aware of every situation happening in the field and make it a motivational means to improve the profession by proper preparation and education. Possession of knowledge and competency in teaching interventions which can be acquired in hands on training is essential in practicing the profession (Silber, 2003). Goals for the first year of teaching includes; embracing of personal ethic of social responsibility and service, apply new knowledge of sciences, understand the role of primary care and continue to learn and help others (Aikon, 2009). References Aikon, U.H. (2009). Nursing Education.Journal of Nursing Administration, 88(5), 221-228. Silber, J.H. (2003). Educational levels of nurses,Journal of the American Medical  Association, 270, 118-125. Giovanetti, P. (2007). Teaching and Learning Nursing Skills. Nursing Research,  59(1), 84-90 Socalsy, J.J. (2008). Nursing Values.New York: Health Services Research. Craney, L.A. (2008). Values and Ethics. London: Prentice Hall

womenoed Essay on Sophocles Antigone - Sisters :: Antigone essays

Sisters Two sisters destined to love each other, but conflict interrupts their paths. The first's journey is one of self-exploration and discovery; the other's of continual oppression and hardships. Ismene and Antigone are the troubled sisters whose decisions take them on different courses, but these same choices also brought them together. Even though their actions show differently, Antigone and Ismene's morals and philosophies show that they are true sisters at heart. Antigone shows the attribute of boldness. She is constantly going her own direction. She is a leader, not a follower. "Ismene: What? You'd bury him when a law forbids the city? Antigone: Yes! He is my brother and- deny it as you will- your brother too."(61). This is where Antigone's boldness begins to surface. She is expressing her disagreement with King Creon's law. This is extremely daring of her to do because she is defying the law of the land. On the other hand, Ismene displays the quality of being a coward. She says, "Remember, we are women, we're not born to contend with men."(62). On the contrary to what Ismene's brain tells her to do, her heart is screaming to go and bury her brother, and defy Creon's dishonorable law. It is not until the middle to end of the play that Ismene's true self emerges and she agrees with Antigone. This is just one of the ways Antigone and Ismene are the same at heart, but take different paths to get to their real inner person. Another outstanding attribute of Antigone is her cleverness. "Antigone: Dear god, shout it from the rooftops. I'll hate you all the more for silence- tell the world."(64). This is in response to Ismene's promise to keep Antigone's burying of her brother a secret. Antigone's cleverness appears here because she found a way to publicly defy Creon and tell others how unjust he really is. Likewise, Ismene is intelligent and comes quick to understanding. In reply to Antigone's above statement she says, "Then go if you must, but rest assured, wild, irrational as you are, my sister, you are truly dear to the ones who love you."(64). Even though Ismene at this moment disagrees with her sister's action, she wittily understood Antigone's notion to want to collectively show her defiance of Creon. These to personalities of Antigone and Ismene also show their similarities in their philosophies.