Cultural Anthropology And The American Society - 1346 Words

Lucas Mochal General Education Task Assignment 1 10/3/2014 Cultural Anthropology Feminist Approach to the American Society One theoretical approach in the field of cultural anthropology is the Feminist Approach. The feminist approach is an approach that helped females from all diverse cultures to band together for equal rights or more freedom for themselves. A feminist theory can be described as an approach to move towards empowering women worldwide. Feminism has been a problem in any culture from any time in history, and feminist worldwide are all banding together for one reason: to become independent and highly powered women. The main goals of feminism are to discuss the importance of women, break the gender inequality†¦show more content†¦In the later centuries in school girls were depicted to be in home economic classes to learn how to be a homemaker, whereas boys were sought out to be in math and science classes. As the centuries progressed society has changed immensely in how men have treated their women and how women have overcome their typical roles in society. People have always had the impression that society is driven by males. One big feministic move that women fought for was the right to be able to vote. Women had never been able to vote because it was thought that men should only have the right to choose who would be serving us locally and nationally. Liberal feminists thought that this idea was unfair and that both genders should be able to vote, so they fought for the right for some women to vote in 1918 and then in 1928 their appeal was approved and all women got the right to be able to vote. Another area that feminists fought to change was the view of women in the workplace. Many career areas have always been depicted as a â€Å"men only† career such as Political, law enforcement, military and construction. Feminist have taken the challenge to prove that this is a gender equal nation where women are able to do the same amount of work that men can do if not better than men. In the earlier centuries when it came to serving in the military you would never find a women serving because they were known to be very weak and physically unfit to serve in the

Terrorism A Systematic Weapon Of War - 1320 Words

â€Å"Terrorism has become a systematic weapon of a war that knows no border or seldom has a face† - Jacques Chirac, September 24th, 1986. As Mr. Chirac says Terrorism has become a systematic weapon of war. This does not just mean the US and its allies this mean on a global scale in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, North and South America the whole planet is affected. Even the countries that support groups like ISIS and al-Qaeda are affected by the bombing that we send. This War knows no borders while there is international terrorism there is also domestic terrorism that happens inside countries. Terrorism plagues the world that we live in today that affects everyone men, women, children and as a world we need to come together and eliminate this threat which will help establish peace. The definition of terrorism is defined differently by different departments of the US government. According to the FBI the definition comes right out of Code of Federal Regulations â€Å" The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives†. Terrorism in happening right here at home. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma April 19, 1995 ex-Army soldier/ security guard Timothy McVeigh parked a rented truck in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. Inside was a powerful bomb that McVeigh had built himself at home. He got out of the truck lit a timed fuse got inShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism1483 Words   |  6 Pages Nuclear Terrorism Introduction to Homeland Security Victor Reyes Valencia College Abstract Nuclear terrorism can take a variety of forms. The most frequently discussed form involves a terrorist group either stealing a nuclear weapon or building a nuclear device using stolen or illegally purchased nuclear material. 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Strategic Management of Woodside

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of Woodside. Answer: Introduction: Woodside petroleum is the major hand of oil and gas production in Australia and also Australias biggest autonomous devoted oil and Gas Company. Headquarter of the Company is in Perth(Anon., 2017). Strategic management is a bunch of features that helps in establishing a brand image for a company (Leather, 2013). Every single company has their own strategy and its outcomes. Woodside Petroleum of Australia has proved its credentials to the world of business. This assignment helps in finding out the management strategies, which the Company uses to fulfil the desired goal. There was a time, when the Company was criticised for some reasons. This assignment also helps in finding out those two criticisms with its effective outcomes on the Company and the dependents. SWOT analysis is there to observe the core features of the Company varying from good to bad. It also provides a focus on the organizational culture or the leadership style within the organization. Strategic management of Woodside Petroleum: Woodside Petroleum manages their strategies on three themes that are increasing the significance of their core resources, enhancing their capabilities and increasing their portfolio. Woodside has a strong foothold in the Oil and Gas industries with a dependable manufacture base, unique capabilities and physically powerful relationships to produce excellent projects. The missions, visions and the values are the key features that provide the competitive edge to the Company (Chongzhi et al., 2013). Benefitting the Company with a worthy revenue generation along with providing equal importance to the shareholders are the most important asset of the Company, which is creating a resonant presence of the Company in the Oil and Gas industries. Vision is something, which motivates the functioning of a Company that varies from company to company producing distinct results (Dissanayake Xia, 2015). The management of the Woodside Company has the vision to be a universal leader in the Oil and Gas industry. Organizational values are of recommendable level in the Company. The management of the Company do trust in different values that matters a lot for an organization to have a long run with comprehensive success under the belt. The management believes in performing a transparent business with the addition of fulfilment of the commitment, which they propose to the people and to the world of business. The management of the Company gives utter importance to the core values of an organizational behaviour, which are truthfulness, admiration, Sustenance, Collaborative working, Discipline and Brilliance. Apart from all the core values of the Company, the three themes that are working as a driving force to the vision of the Company are of supreme importance. Maximising the production based on its supreme capabilities to enhance the revenues is the distinctive feature of the Woodside Company, which has continually helped it, emerged as the top performer. The Company has a proven recor d of accomplishment in the plan, structure and process of brilliant LNG plants, subsea skill, FPSO operations, seismic acquisition, underwater drilling and processing. The establishment of the distant operations from the Pluto Support Centre in Perth is helpful in reducing the working expenses and improving the preservation outcomes(Anon., 2017). Two criticism of its business in past and its outcomes: The Woodside Petroleum Company is the most reputed Oil and Gas Company in Australia. With its distinctive core values and management strategies, it has catapulted the paramount of success in the world of business market (Novatsis McCormick, 2012). Criticism is an integral part of an organization that it receives for some unexpected works. Moreover, the Woodside Company is no any exception, which itself met with little criticism in the past that has hampered the reputation of the Company to a bit. Nonetheless, criticism creates a bad impression of the brand in front of the business world but never destroys the complete existence. There are certain criticism associated with the history of the Company, which has resulted in bad outcomes in past. The one incident of criticism happened back in the year 2006-2007, which revolved around the Pluto LNG project. In carrying this project, Woodside witnessed oppositions on their plans to construct an onto land processing site on the Burrup Peni nsula in the Western part of Australia. Further, the Burrup Peninsula site is providing home to notable petroglyphs, which are approximately 30,000 years old. Woodside claimed to have practised a vigorous amount of violation against the trading policy of the Howard government for the emission of carbon (Al Kindi, 2013). The Company produced different speeches to the common people and the shareholders regarding the carbon emission. It spoke about the carbon free practice in the public but took the otherwise step to get the free carbon permits. No action took place against the Woodside Company for this violating practice from The Australian Consumer Commission(Fields, 2012). Another incident of criticism took place in April 2011 when the Fair Work Ombudsman of Australia complained the mal practice of the Company regarding the labour payment. It claimed that foreign workers were partially paid on the two oilrigs in the North-West shelf of Woodside Petroleum. The same criticism took place in April 2013 when the Federal Court in Western Australia alleged Woodside for underpaying few foreign labours. Less than $3 was the payment for those foreign labours on the oilrigs(Grafton, 2014). SWOT analysis: There are numerous strengths of the Woodside Petroleum Company, which has established the brand new image of the Company in the world of business. It houses the production of distinct quality of Oil and Gas assets in few of the wealthiest basin of the world including the Carnarvon Basin. It is the biggest manufacturer of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Australia. Handful experience in structure engineering along with subsea structure vessels and tube set barges, they are building their supreme dominance in the Oil and Gas industry. The Company misses on the legal adherence of the government rules regarding the carbon emission along the oilrigs site. The Company unlawfully got the licence of reduced carbon emission. A protest of foreign labours against the payment policy of the Company highlights another probable weak point of the Company(Smith, 2013). Projects development focussing on the expansion of LNG capabilities has the potential to help company in expanding the position of the Company to the worldwide LNG leader. North West Shelf is under development, which can assist the Company in maintaining an offshore and onshore gas supply(Bayzakova, 2014). A wide range of natural calamities in Australia such as floods, bushfires, earthquakes, landslides, severe storms and cyclones are a significant threat to the future of the Company. Nonetheless, competition from its competitors such as China Petroleum Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), ExxonMobil Australia and ROC Oil Co. Ltd. is a serious threat of losing the competitive edge (Wilson, 2013). The Woodside Petroleum in Australia had its association with some legal violation in past regarding the payment of wages to the foreign workers. However, the Company still has lot to offer to its employees, which is evident from the success story of the company. The Company need to put some extra effort in bringing a fair practice of legal adherence to avoid any political clash. The opportunities, which the Company has, require diverse work force to take the charge and produce the fruitful for the Company. However, it requires a gutsy move from the management of the Woodside Petroleum to nullify any political and legal flaws in the Company. PESTEL Analysis: Few of the past incidents related to the organizational behaviours support the fact that the Company is lacking in meeting with the set policies. Incidents such as the underpayment to the foreign labours form the supportive evidence in favour of the policies violation (Vermeire, 2011). The Company is enjoying a healthy rift in their economical structure keeping apart all the criticism that has occurred in the past. Nonetheless, the Company is evolving as the potential choice for the largest manufacturer of LNG in Australia (Sakmar, 2013). Few of the social contributions that the Company is a part of, shows the social awareness of the Company towards the general being. Every year, the Company provides monetary and in-kind support to an extensive range of society groups(Cassidy, 2012). To mitigate the challenges faced by its development managing systems, the Company has formed a fresh side- operational Technology. Downstream technology, upstream technology, superficial technology and Disruptive technology are the key highlights of the inclusion of science and technology in the Company. Nevertheless, these technologies have potentials to help Company in attaining the maximize recognition across the globe (Puckett, 2013). Violation of carbon emission rule set under the government law support the fact that the Woodside Company is environmentally challenging for the lives of human being (Qian, 2012). In April 2013, the allegations made on the Company by the Federal Court of WA speak about the legal violation of the Company. The allegations were for the underpayment to the foreign labours (Hanson, 2012). Woodside Petroleum is the leading company in the OG industry in Australia. However, the Company is lacking in environmental terms as it has tried an illegal way to get the permit on carbon free emission in the past. The Company has also faced criticism in terms of an injustice payment to foreign workers. However, the government did not impose any serious obligations on the Company. Any OG company is a threat to environment and Woodside is no any exception. However, the OG industry do play a vital role in the GDP of a country and affect the economy therefore. The prospering of Woodside is of utmost important for Australia and its economy. However, there is a requirement of taking proper care of carbon emission. It needs some serious effort to ensure that the carbon emission does not surpass the allowed level. Organizational culture or leadership style within the organization: The leadership style of an organization prepares the path of journey, walking on which, it earns the potential result as per the leadership credentials (Bahadori Nwaoha, 2013). With a vision to dominate the world of Oil and Gas industries, the Woodside Company calculated the required leadership quality in the Company. To build up a culture of soaring performance in the Company, which can deliver on consumer requirements, there was requirement to incept leadership quality in the Company (Bayzakova, 2014). Nonetheless, such a leadership excellence that could successfully maintain its employees engaging and energising with the extended expansion goals needs its inception. To attain the vision with the utmost success, hiring of such talents, which have proven records of accomplishment with them, needs their inception in the Company (Hanson, 2012). With their superior understanding of the circumstances, the leadership quality of the Woodside Company engaged in finding out worthy talents. Nevertheless, it resulted in significance organizational outcomes, which structured the success for the Company. Voluntary revenue has reduced by 25% in excess of three years. Environment has bettered considerably in a little gap of time against external and internal benchmarks; in reality, Woodside is delivering at superior levels than further Australian organizations. The high leadership quality has helped its employees understanding the strategies and the business directions. Further, staffs have understood their involvement in the business strategy. Employees feel prepared and energised to perform to the expected targets (Fields, 2012). Conclusion: The superior leadership quality can bring the sense of urgency into its employees, which is helpful in keeping employees engaged with a stretched target of the Company. In this case, the management of the Australian leading Oil and Gas Company Woodside get the spotlight. The Woodside Company whose headquarter is in Perth, serving the Oil and Gas industries in Australia with supreme performance. Nevertheless, the Company has never looked back ever since its inception. However, the Company met with certain political and legal objections for its few policies. Few of the criticism have taken a dig on the Company leaving a dark image on it. The Company claimed to have underpaid few of the foreign labours. The Federal Court of WA imposed the same allegations on the Company. However, this is an undeniable fact that the Company has overcome from this dark shadow and the performance of the Company simply supports the same. Several proposed future targets posses the opportunities to all, which belongs to the Company. The Company lacks in the adherence of the legal policies, which emerges as a potential threat to the Company for their peaceful run in the coming future. The social involvement of the Company by means of taking participation in some kind of donations is preparing a significant supportive environment for the Company. However, the violation of the carbon emission rule of the government is generating an unhygienic atmosphere in the surroundings. Nonetheless, the Company presented a two phase of it in front of their consumers and the shareholders. The Company have committed to keep the environment free from carbon but illegally tried to get the carbon free emission certificate. Nevertheless, in spite of all these dark sides of the Company, there are numerous brighter parts also, which are mounting the heap of success for the Company. References: "Working Sustainably | Woodside Energy". Woodside.com.au. N.p., 2017. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. Al Kindi, A. and Soh, M., 2013, January. Tight gas reservoir appraisal and development challenges for new LNG supply from Australia. InSPE Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Bahadori, A., Nwaoha, C. and Clark, M.W., 2013.Dictionary of oil, gas, and petrochemical processing. CRC Press. Bayzakova, A., 2014. The Uncertain Future of Australian LNG Projects: The Use of Scenario Building in Strategic Management. Cassidy, M.J. and Tian, Y., 2012. Development and application of models for the stability analysis of Australia's offshore pipelines.Australian Geomechanics,47(2), p.61. Chongzhi, T., Guoping, B., Junlan, L., Chao, D., Xiaoxin, L., Houwu, L., Dapeng, W., Yuan, W. and Min, L., 2013. Mesozoic lithofacies palaeogeography and petroleum prospectivity in North Carnarvon Basin, Australia.Journal of Palaeogeography,2(1), pp.81-92. Dissanayake, N., Xia, B. and Wu, P., 2015. Measuring Sustainability Performance Within the Australian Energy Industry. InProceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate(pp. 135-143). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Fields, O.G., 2012. The Wider Contribution to Australia of the Oil and Gas Industry. Grafton, R.Q. and Lambie, N.R., 2014. Australia's liquefied natural gas sector: Past developments, current challenges and ways forward.Australian Economic Review,47(4), pp.509-522. Hanson, B., 2012. The leadership development interface: Aligning leaders and organizations toward more effective leadership learning.Advances in Developing Human Resources, p.1523422312465853. Leather, D.T., Bahadori, A., Nwaoha, C. and Wood, D.A., 2013. A review of Australia's natural gas resources and their exploitation.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,10, pp.68-88. Novatsis, E., McCormick, P. and Lardner, R., 2012, January. Developing Internal Human Factors Capability In An Australian Oil And Gas Company. InInternational Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Puckett, S. and Regan, T., 2013. The Liquefied Natural Gas (Lng) Business: From Evolution To Revolution. InAsia's Energy Trends and Developments: (In 2 Volumes) Volume 1: Innovations and Alternative Energy Supplies Volume 2: Case Studies in Cooperation, Competition and Possibilities from Central, Northeast and South Asia(pp. 125-148). Qian, W. and Zvezdov, D., 2012. Environmental Accountability. Sakmar, S.L., 2013. Global Gas Markets: The Role of LNG in the Golden Age of Gas and the Globalization of LNG Trade. Smith, M., 2013. The Oil and Gas SectorClimate Change Risks and Opportunities. Vermeire, J., The LNG Industry in 2011. Wilson, B., 2013.The biogeography of the Australian North West Shelf: environmental change and life's response. Newnes.

Business and Corporate Law New Zealand Law

Questions: 1. What are the Directors duties under New Zealand Law?2. What are the shareholders rights under New Zealand Law?3. In relation to the law of torts, discuss liability for negligent misstatements under common law and current New Zealand law? Answer: 1. Directors duties under New Zealand Law The New Zealand Companies Act, 1993 provides in details all the duties as well as the liabilities that are imposed by the law on the company directors. Generally, the duties of the director are owed directly for the company. Hence the company has the right to sue the director in the case of any breach by the director. However, along with the company the shareholders and the creditors also have the right to sue the director in case of any breach but under different sections (Chiu and Monin, 2003). One of the primary fiduciary duties of the director is to act as an agent of the company. The directors are supposed to act as the agent who would be responsible to take actions on behalf of the company. Hence it can be construed that the relation between the director and the company is similar to that of an agent and principal. Hence accordingly the director holds a position of trust in the company. The second most significant duty of the director is to act in good faith and that acts of the director should be in the best interest of the company. Nonetheless, there exist some obligations related to this duty of the directors. The director can exercise the given powers for the purposes specified for, the director is not allowed to use the funds of the company until he is authorized for the specific purposes. Further the director should always act in a bona fide manner. He should always act in accordance to the laws of the country that is according to the Companies Act, 1993 and also the constitution of the company. The director is also not allowed to trade in any such manner that can put the company at any serious risk and possible loss to the creditors of the company. The director also has some duties with regard to the employees of the company. The director is an employer of the company it is the duty of the director to consider the interests of the employees of the company. The director also has the duty of skill as well as care. When the director acts as the company director all the duties that he or she performs should be done with skill and care. The care, skill and diligence that the director utilizes in the performance of the duties should be similar to any other reasonable man in his place and in the same conditions would have done. However, this standard is comparatively high and while deciding on the each case the judges would consider each case differently the breach would not be considered merely based on the error in the decision (Lehman et al., 2005). During performance of the duties the director also is not supposed to display such skill that may be considered greater than what is expected from a reasonable director with the same experience and skill. In the case of any breach by the director the shareholders have the right to sue him. Collectively, the shareholders have the right to act against the director of the company for any legitimate reason that includes the breach of duties. 2. Shareholders rights under New Zealand Law According to the Companies Act 1993 there are a number of rights and remedies for the shareholders. These rights have been provided specifically under the laws of New Zealand. One of the primary rights available to the shareholder is the right to be bought out. The minorities in the company who dissent can compel the company to buy the shares after they have voted against the significant transactions of the company or any vital amendments to the Constitution or any such important right that is attached to the shares (Sealy, 2003). The second right available to the shareholder is the right to information. Any shareholder of a company has the right to make a written request for any important information to the company. The third right available to the shareholder is that they can claim for any inspection of any record. However, in this regard it must be noted that the records that has been asked for inspection is available in the company. The next right available to the shareholder is the right to question the management regarding any query. It is the board of directors who are to be held responsible for the management of the company. But the shareholders have the right to ask about any query to the directors regarding the management (Farrar, 2001). The next significant right for the shareholder is to approve all the important transactions. Any company cannot enter into any transaction until and unless all the shareholders in the special resolution have approved it. Further the shareholders have the right to sue the director. In case any breach takes place on the part of the director for any duty owed by the director, the shareholder holds the right to bring an action against the director for such breach. Finally, the shareholder also has the right of remedy for any repressive conduct carried out by any person on behalf of the company. Other than these rights of the shareholders, they also have the right to avoid the conditions of the Companys Act if they take any unanimous resolution amongst the shareholders. When the shareholders act together their rights increase and they can permit the company to obtain or trade their shares, or give financial assistance for purchasing shares or authorize the remuneration or benefits of the directors. However, it should be remembered that the shareholders should act together to utilize these rights. Further the company needs to satisfy the solvency test and the directors have to provide a certificate for that. The company also needs to conduct meeting annually. These meetings generally deal with financial reports, elections, director appointments and business resolutions. 3. Liability for negligent misstatements under common law and current New Zealand law A negligent misstatement may be considered to be such a statement of fact that is false and made honestly but in a careless manner. An opinion may also be regarded as a statement of fact incase such an opinion implies that the person making it has reasonable grounds for such opinion (McLay, 2010). It must be noted that for negligent misstatement action can be brought only in the law of tort and such an action arises only when there existed a duty to care while making such statement of opinion and there has been a breach of such duty resulting in the damage to the claimant. With regard to the financial matters there exists no duty of care for such statements. Any person would be responsible for the negligent misstatements only when those statements were made under the conditions which made the other party rely on them. This was stated in the case of Hedley Byrne v Heller Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465 (HL) and also in the case of Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 (HL). Unde r such circumstances when a negligent statement has been used to make a person enter into a contract, such a statement may be considered as actionable and a term of contract or else it may result in payment of damages (Waddams, 2010). Under the English law, there were a number of cases which dealt with the issue of negligent misstatement. One of the oldest cases that dealt with this issue was the case of Derry v Peek (Derry v Peek, [1889]). The case was related to the tort of negligent misstatement in cases of pure economic loss. Some of the other issues in the case were fraud as has been given in contract, misrepresentation and fiduciary duty (Davies and Malkin, 2003). The House of Lords had held in this case that there existed no such duty with regard to care and skill with regard to the issuance of any prospectus to avoid the making of any misstatement and especially with regard to economic loss that results from the negligent misstatement (Dias and Markesinis, 1976). Another English law case dealing with this issue of negligent misstatement is Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd (Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd, [1964]). This case also deals with pure economic loss which was a result of negligent misstatement. Before this case, the general idea was that any party can owe a duty for caring of statements that is made on reliance. The remedy that was previously available in such cases was in contract law (Burrows, 2007). This idea was rejected in the case and House of Lords introduced the notion of assumption of responsibility. Hence from this case onwards the liability was recognized for economic loss even if it did not arise from the contractual relationship (Witting, 2004). After the decision of the House of Lords in the Hedley (Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd, [1964]) case, the courts in New Zealand also recognized these negligent misstatements. The difference in New Zealand was that the primary criterion for creating different section for liability in negligence was not mentioned here. Instead New Zealand laws preferred the principle based approach where the criteria was given but it was not considered necessary. The significance of the case in New Zealand was that in case of pure economic loss the liability did exist especially when it is caused as a result of negligent misstatement. One recent case on negligent misstatements is Caparo Industries plc v Dickman (Caparo Industries plc v Dickman, [1990]). It is the recent landmark case on the duty of care. In this case the House of Lords had held that for testing the presence of duty to care in negligence. The test introduced in the case was "three-fold test". According to this test, the harm that is caused must be reasonable and should be foreseen as given under Donoghue v Stevenson (Donoghue v Stevenson, [1932]). Secondly, there should be a proximal relationship between the parties and thirdly it should be fair and reasonable to impose the liability. Laws in New Zealand for negligent misstatements are not exactly as it has been given under the English common law. In this regard, a case may be mentioned. In the case of Scott Group Ltd v McFarlane the Court of Appeal had held that in the case of any negligence to the third party the auditor may be held liable since the audit report was relied upon. The Court had further discussed that the financial position of the Company was poor and there were chances of takeover by another company (Todd and Burrows, 1991). Hence the auditors had the duty towards the company of Scott Group to reveal the truth. Nevertheless, with regard to damages the Court had held that due to the fact that the company had not suffered any financial loss, they would not be entitled to receive any damages. It must be noted that the auditor had provided a disclaimer with regard to the exclusion of liability for the general public that included the Scott Group also. The court had held that the disclaimer was not sufficient to exclude the liability of the auditors in this regard. However, after this case, in most circumstances the disclaimers did exclude the liability to the members. Under the laws in New Zealand, for negligent misstatement another case may be mentioned. In the case of South Pacific Manufacturing v New Zealand Securities Investigations (South Pacific Manufacturing v New Zealand Securities Investigations, [2015]), a common approach was incorporated for the determination of duty to take care under all kinds of conditions. In this kind of approach the court would ask questions with regard to the duty to take care and related inquires regarding the policies and the proximity. It has been generally observed that these claims of negligent misstatement and the ones against public authorities has been observed beyond this approach and it falls under the distinct areas of liability in negligence. However, the contemporary decisions of the Court of Appeal have clarified all queries relating to the duty to care under novel situations which can be resolved by referring to the approach taken by the Court in South Pacific Manufacturing (South Pacific Manufacturing v New Zealand Securities Investigations, [2015]). References Burrows, A. (2007).English private law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Caparo Industries plc v Dickman[1990]UKHL p.2. Chiu, P. and Monin, J. (2003). Effective Corporate Governance: from the perspective of New Zealand fund managers.Corporate Governance, 11(2), pp.123-131. Davies, M. and Malkin, I. (2003).Torts. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths Australia. Derry v Peek[1889]App Cas LR 14, p.337. Dias, R. and Markesinis, B. (1976).The English law of torts. Brussels: E. Bruylant. Donoghue v Stevenson[1932]AC p.562. Farrar, J. (2001).Corporate governance in Australia and New Zealand. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd[1964]AC p.465. Lehman, C., Tinker, T., Merino, B. and Neimark, M. (2005).Corporate governance. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. McLay, G. (2010).Torts. Wellington, N.Z.: LexisNexis NZ. Sealy, L. (2003). Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand. By John Farrar. [Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001. xxvi, 472 and (Appendices and Index) 52 pp. Paperback 33.99. ISBN 0195513142.].The Cambridge Law Journal, 62(2), pp.511-513. South Pacific Manufacturing v New Zealand Securities Investigations[2015]NZLR 2 (CA), p.282. Todd, S. and Burrows, J. (1991).The Law of torts in New Zealand. North Ryde, N.S.W.: Law Book Co. Waddams, S. (2010).The law of contracts. Aurora, Ont.: Canada Law Book Inc. Witting, C. (2004).Liability for negligent misstatements. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

News Report on Consumer Rights an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

News Report on Consumer Rights by Expert Tutor Maya | 19 Dec 2016 The first article entitled Medicine and the Drug Industry, a Morality Tale deals on how the consumers or the public receives medicine as dictated by the drug or medical industry. The public is often times prescribed or given a high-cost medicine to cure their illness even if a cheaper medicine can do the same. The consumers also receive medicine as dictated by the deceitful patent-medicine peddlers, where in such cases, even perilous or risky drugs are continuously prescribed in order to achieve a higher market. Medical research is also affected by how a particular new drug or medicine can be marketed, and not by how high it may be valued by medical research societies (Zuger, 2007). Need essay sample on "News Report on Consumer Rights" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Often Tell EssayLab writers: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay today? Your Best Essay Helper Cheapest Essay Writing Company Review Essays For Money Buy Essay Online Writing Service Essay Writing Services Consumers are at a losing end at these particular accounts. Most of the time, they are obliged to pay higher for their healths sake for they do not receive prescriptions of cheaper medicine that has same effects. Instead of receiving medicine with very high assessments from medical societies, they do not. The drug industry dictates what medicine is to be released or given to the consumers, not how effective or how cheap a particular medicine is. The consumers do not receive the medicine that they deserve. A persons ethics is the underlying principle of having morality. It determines what is right or wrong. If I were a doctor, who pledged to protect or give what the consumers deserves in the name of my profession, then the issue presented would be a problem for me. It is just and necessary to give what the consumers truly ought to have. But if I were on the drug industry, then, giving medicine which gives a high market or profit from the consumers would be my idea of what is ethical or right. The concept of morality is subjective for it may vary depending on the person or a group of person who would be looking at it, his or their intentions, motivations or personal philosophy. Depending on what perspective you use, consumer rights would vary. The second article Projections Show Troubles Still Loom for Benefit Plans, gives you an idea about the perceived increase in the Medicare as sustained by the increase in raising taxes or cutting or decrease in the benefits. Medicare, a program launched by the United States government on health insurance that covers public of age 65 and higher or those that meets other special decisive factor. A proposition was launched to decrease the Medicares budget, thus resulting to an increase on the beneficiaries payments to accommodate their doctors services and prescribed drugs. Furthermore, the disadvantages that the Medicare suffers are due to the fact that there is an increase in the price for medical care is also increasing and the number of retirees (Andrews, 2007). The Medicare provides the retirement benefits of its beneficiaries. Without it, then, retirees would have a hard time funding or spending for their improvement or maintenance, as especially in the aspect of their own health. It can also be seen that, as a consumer or the public subscribes to Medicare or become a member of its beneficiaries, then they would have to suffer a greater fee for their insurance. The right of the public for better benefits or health programs, such as from the Medicare, would be hindered by the state. I believe that the government has the responsibility to allot a budget sufficient enough for the health benefits, or any other benefits, of the public. It is not the responsibility of the public, the taxpayers, to shoulder fully their own benefit which their own state provides them. I also think that health programs, such as Medicare, should increase or widen the coverage of the benefits that it provides its members or beneficiaries. It is the right of the public to receive better services after retirement. Breast Cancer Not Linked to Abortion, study says, as the title states, shows that in a recent study, the belief that abortion may increase the risk of having breast cancer was disproved. If there was a link between abortion and breast cancer, then the Court would ban abortion procedures, thus a study was necessary to prove the connections between abortion and breast cancer. Scientists or researchers discovered that those women who had spontaneous or induced abortions and those who had not, had no actual discrepancy as to having breast cancer (Bakalar, 2007). The public needs to know whether there is a link between breast cancer and abortion for it concerns them, also with regards to their health consciousness. Those who had experienced abortion, spontaneous or not induced, will no longer have to worry whether their chance of having breast cancer had increased or not. On the other hand, if there was a link between the two, then either that the induced abortions would be less or reports or incidents of breast cancer would increase. Whether there is a link between breast cancer and abortion, spontaneous or induced, or not, my main concern is still with regards to prevention. Advocacy for clean air and safe cosmetics, avoidance of unnecessary radiation and exploration of alternatives to artificial estrogens are some of the ways to prevent breast cancer, with or without single or multiple abortions, induced or spontaneous. Furthermore, I stand against induced abortions even if it is not linked with breast cancer. Induced abortions do not only possess risks with regards to having breast cancer, but risks to the persons health as a whole. I strongly agree with the right to know the proper information, which the scientists or medical societies ought to report to us, the public. References: Andrews, E. L., & Pear, R. (April 24, 2007). Projections Show Troubles Still Loom for Benefit Plans [Electronic Version]. The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2007 from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/washington/24benefit.html?ex=1178164800&en=1336171eeda2304c&ei=5070&emc=eta1. Bakalar, N. (April 24, 2007). Breast Cancer Not Linked to Abortion, Study Says [Electronic Version]. The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2007 from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/health/24book.html?ex=1178164800&en=1ba5861b80354db2&ei=5070&emc=eta1. Zuger, A. (April 24, 2007). Medicine and the Drug Industry, A Morality Tale [Electronic Version]. The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2007 from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/health/24book.html.

The eNotes Blog Shelley Jacksons Skin Project A LivingNovella

Shelley Jacksons Skin Project A LivingNovella Shelley Jackson has always been an author to push the boundaries of genre and form. In the nineties, she broke ground as one of the first writers to experiment with hyperfiction, reaping high praise for Patchwork Girl,  a hypertext, Borgesian spin on Mary Shelleys  Frankenstein.  But I recently came across a project of hers that is even more daring, one that seeks to make her writing permanently inked: The Skin Project was launched in 2003. Jackson had a 2,095 word novella written, but as opposed to printing it on paper, she sought to present the story on the skin of many project volunteers. 2,095 volunteers, to be exact; one word for every person. Words were handed out to volunteers in the exact order in which they were written for the story, meaning participants had no say in what would be tattooed on their bodies. They could choose the site of their tattoo, with the caveat that words describing a body part could be anywhere on the body except for that named body part (not including the word skin, of course). In addition, the final story was disclosed only to these 2,095 participants, who have been sworn to secrecy. Jacksons idea behind this was to create a mortal work of art that could never be read in its proper order, but just exists, pulsing, out in the world at all times. In what seems to me an almost term of endearment, Jackson refers to the many participants in the project as words. She describes their role in the Skin Project, writing They are not understood as carriers or agents of the texts they bear, but as its embodiments. As a result, injuries to the printed texts, such as dermabrasion, laser surgery, tattoo cover work or the loss of body parts, will not be considered to alter the work. Only the death of words effaces them from the text. As words die the story will change; when the last word dies the story will also have died. The author will make every effort to attend the funerals of her words. A large number of Jacksons words will remain anonymous, but at least one is a fellow published author. The tattoo above right is on the forearm of none other than Rick Moody, writer of  The Ice Storm. We may not be permitted to read or know the finished work, but as with Egans twitterature feature Black Box, its exciting to see a new fiction form emerge. To see more of the words, you can also visit the Berkeley Art Museums Archive to watch the video Jackson assembled of 191 volunteers reading their words aloud, which was arranged into a new sub-Skin spoken word piece.

The United States of America should legalize marijuana Research Paper

The United States of America should legalize marijuana - Research Paper Example Legalizing marijuana will contribute enormously to the economic growth of the US (Ingraham 3). The money generated from marijuana in most of the states in the US not taxed since it is considered illegal. Legalizing marijuana will make it taxable and, therefore, its contribution to the economy will be felt. In addition, money paid to officers by marijuana peddlers as bribes will be channeled to useful government projects. In essence, legalization of marijuana will aid in fighting corruption in the police force since all dealing in marijuana will be known to the government. Actually, Illegalization of marijuana is some states has resulted in the increase of black market activities. Marijuana peddlers earn enormous profits and it is almost impossible for them to stop the trade despite limitations by law. Apparently, the black market is harmful to the economy since there exist no apparatus to measure its revenue generation and benefits to the traders (Ostrowsk 12). Some people have criticized the legalization of marijuana by the federal government arguing that it will encourage the use of other drugs. Such kind of thoughts are fallacious and misleading. Through legalization, the government will have control of the use of marijuana. In addition, the government will have control over the quality of production. In this regard, the federal government should consider legalizing marijuana in order to have control over its use and production. In essence, legalizing marijuana can be very helpful in reducing overproduction and abuse by the young people. Sometimes people tend to engage in drug abuse to be against the law. In this case, legalizing marijuana will aid in making such people stop the practice since it would not appear illegal. Eventually, the use of marijuana will be reduced by a significant percentage. The number of

Morality and Ethics Essay Topic Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morality and Ethics Topic - Essay Example A person can be classified as a good or bad on the basis of his ethical and moral values. Generally ethics and morality can be interchanged as they are almost identical on the basis of the concept that they hold. Ethics and morality is that important of life without which the life would be all messed up and confused; as it boldly demarcates between the good and evil conducts. A person cannot spend his entire life without being able to differentiate between what is right and wrong. For a person to spend a life that is balanced and complete and such that others can be benefitted from it and he himself can feel satisfied and contended with his doings and ultimately his entire life it is necessary that he must be able to differentiate and recognize the right and wrong or evil in his life and he must be able to distinguish between the practices and conducts that must be followed and adopted and which must be avoided or abstained from (Pojman, 56). In this world there are many goods and ev ils present and we are surrounded by them at all times and it all depends on us that which practices attract and appeal us and how we would prefer to spend our life. Usually the goods are difficult to adopt and follow but once we adopt them it does not remain difficult on the contrary the evils that are present in the society and all around us are no doubt very attractive and appealing, in fact they are like magnetic forces which attract the people towards them and the people who get attracted are doomed for their entire life (Hauser, 102-105). In the beginning it all seems good and composed but slowly and gradually the person realizes that he has destroyed the peace, calm, serenity in his life by opting for the wrong deeds. A person who chooses to adopt the bad will not be able to come out of the world of bad deeds and his entire life gets destroyed; however a person who has a very strong will to get rid of all bad deeds and doings can manage to get out of this mess after a very lo ng and tiring struggle. This means it is not impossible to get out of the darkness (Pojman, 89). An important fact is that people get confused in understanding and distinguishing between the good and bad. The evil has so gained so much strength that the most obvious things around us that have become a routine for us are bad but owing to our routine observation we do not consider it bad or evil and feel no harm in adopting them. The goods and evils of the society have been defined by the people themselves. The acts and conducts that bring about peace and calm in one’s life and also the acts that are beneficial in some way or the other for the people or the society are considered as good deeds or good conducts and those acts which snatch away all the happiness in the life of a person, resulting in darkness in one’s life and the acts that bring harm or damage to the society or the people are considered as evils. There is no rule book or book of code of conducts for the pe ople to follow. The people learn and get to know about these conducts as they move on in their lives. The elderly and experienced people can serve as a guide for all the people and guide the people to what is good and what is evil. As a person grows and enters the age of maturity he himself becomes capable of sorting out matters and classifying them as good and evil. The ability of

Communication and Motivation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Communication and Motivation - Research Paper Example mmunication and motivation is widely considered to be one of the most effective leadership styles in the contemporary real world organizational management. Many recent empirical researches have revealed that employees normally feel disengaged from their organizations or work when they do not have feelings of emotional connection. On the other hand, proper communication and motivation of the workers and subordinates not only allow them to effectively carry out their day to day activities but also inspire them to challenge themselves and each other to greater performance. According to Yukl (2002), leaders and managers are increasingly incorporating communication and management in their leadership styles to enable them develops conditions in their workplaces that generate commitment, excitement and energy. For example, in most cases, managers, supervisors and top executives normally spend a significant amount of their time communicating to others in their day to day activities. . Some of the key potential benefits of this leadership style include allowing followers to work while informed of the organizational goals thus making them work better; making employees feel more appreciated thus resulting into increased productivity and providing leaders with an avenue to exert influence over their subjects. In addition, it is widely believed that employees tend to respond more enthusiastically to the leadership when they feel motivated, respected and inspired. Contrary to just giving orders, managers should develop tactics of helping their teams and the company to achieve its strategic goals. Generally, through communication, executives can easily build employee confidence in their leadership, enable them understand the general strategy of the company and identify their areas of contribution to the organization. However, different organizational cultures require different leadership styles in order to effectively communicate and motivate their workforce. This paper

Positive Psychology Theory And Core Concepts Psychology Essay

Positive Psychology Theory And Core Concepts Psychology Essay School bullying is a growing public concern as it can have detrimental effect on subjective well-being of children and adolescents worldwide. Bullying can be defined and refered to as intentional , oppresive behavior against another person that causes pysical and/psychological harm and can be classified into four categories: Physical bullying such as; hitting, pushing, kicking, spiting and punching. Verbal bullying such as; name-calling, teasing, insultting and verbal threats. Social exclusion behaviors behaviors such as; ignoring victims, spreading rumours about victims, exclusing from social groups by indirect threats to friends of victims. Acts of extortion such as; asking for money or other material objects. (Olweus, 1994). Bullying can have a negative effect on victims, bullies and bystanders and impact psychosocial and physical health as well as academic aspiration(Hui, Tsang Law, 2011).Several research studies show that students with poor interpersonal relationships to family, peers and teachers are more prone to be involved in peer victimization(Wong et al., 2008). Many of the victims of bullying suffer negative affects such as; anger,anxiety,decreased self-esteem or depression(Ng Tsang,. 2008; Fung Wong,. 2007). Some victims of bullying may as a result turn into bullies themselves(Lam Liu,. 2007) and contribute to the comlex social interactions that involve schools, homes, parents, peers, adults, victims and bullies(Vreeman Carroll,. 2007). Many of the most common types of classroom and/or school antibullying interventions target three key areas; training social skills, changing group norms and increasing self-efficacy((Hui, Tsang Law, 2011). .Egan Todorov (2009) found that implementing inte rventions across entire schools lead to higher rates of succes and implementing it into the regular curriculum would be most effective(Misha, 2008). Smith collegues(2004) found that several factors that affected the school climate such as interpersonal relationships and the quality of communication were not usually implemented in the school-wide interventions. The social context play a key role in promoting bullying behavior (Espelage Swearer,. 2003) and in creating a negative school climate. Implementing a positive psychology intervention might prove usefull as a positive school climate promote positive development in children and adolescents and reduce aggression.(MIshna,. 2008;Smith et al,. 2004; Whitted Dupper,. 2005; Orpinas Horne,. 2006) Positive Psychology Theory and Core Concepts should be applied to facilitate long-term well-being in School bullying Positive psychology is the scientific study to understand , test, discover and promote factors (e.g strengths and virtues) (Sheldon et. al. ,2000) that enable individuals and environments such as institutions and communities to thrive and flourish(Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). To Flourish means to live with an optimal range of human functioning which is characterized by four key components; Goodness, Generativity, Growth and Resilience(Frederickson Losada,. 2005). Studies supports the adaptive effects of positive affects(for a review, see Lyubomirsky, King, Diener, in press) such as having a positive affect on attention(Frederickson Branigan,. 2005; Rowe , Hirsch Anderson,. 2005), increased intuition(Bolte, Goschkey, Kuhl ,.2003), creativity and broaden behavioral repertoires(Frederickson Branigan,. 2005). Fredericksons (Frederickson, 2004). Positive emotions is a key component in intervention. The Broaden-and-build theory describes how positive emotions can broaden an individuals thought action patterns, and that although feeling good is a temporary experience, it can lead to a build up of enduring personal resources (social, intellectual, psychological and physical over time and this can produce an upward spiral towards increased subjective well-being(Frederikson, 2004). Hefferson Boniwell(2011) found that positive emotions not only mark or signal health and well-being, but also produce health and well-being this notion implies that th e positive emotions transform individuals for the better and can make them more knowledgeable, effective, resilient and socially integrated()Frederickson, 2004). Isens (1990, p. 89) research also supports the broaden-and-build theory that positive emotions produces broad , flexible cognitive organization and ability to integrate diverse material. Negative emotions such as anxiety and depression can lead to a more narrow attention(Frederickson, 2004). An important question that arises when implementing the broaden-and-build theory is, how much positivity is needed to flourish(Frederickson, 2004). Negative emotions have always been the focus of traditional psychology and Baumeister, et al(2001) concluded that Bad is stronger than good and to be able to overcome the overwhelming effect of negative emotions, Fredericks needed to found out how much positivity was enough to make a difference. With the help of Losada (1999) and other researchers (Losada Heaphy, 2004) Frederickson found t he positivity ratio, stating that three positive emotions or more would negate one negative. This positivity ratio also has an upper limit where the effect decreases.It can be difficult to cultivate positivity as an individual, but there are several methods that Fredrickson Kurtz suggest might help, such as changing ones outlook from being positive to being open, appreciative.., curious and kind(2011. p. 44) but also that creating high quality relationships can prove valuable to increasing positive emotions. An evidence based intervention plan tailored to case. The first part of my intervention(Gratitude Intervention) will focus on positive emotions in the PERMA model of well-being and the intervention method used will be to make the students keep a journal to count blessings for 2 weeks time. Froh, Sefick Emmons(2008) found that making students count blessings were associated with higher levels of optimism, life-satisfaction and lowered negative emotions. The second part of my intervention will focus on building positive relationships by using the VIA-test from www.Viacharacter.org. VIA stands for values in action and is a self-report test that consist of 240 questions that will help individuals to identify their top character strengths out of the 24 strenghts in the VIA Classification. They will then form groups of in class based on the indentified strengths.Character strengths can then be implemented in a positive psychology intervention where the students are asked to apply one of their top character strengths in a new way, every day for one week. This is also congruent with the three pillars of positive psychology wich consist of positive experiences, strength based character and positive institutions. The PERMA model is a model of well-being and consist of five important elements: positive emotions, engagement, meaning, accomplishment and positive relationships. The 24 character strengths underpin all 5 elements in the PERMA mode l of well-being and using your highest strengths can lead to more postive emotions, more engagement, more accomplishment and to better relationships(Seligman, 2011 ; Hefferson Boniwell, 2011). The character strengths are divided up into 6 virtues. Wisdom and Knowledge: creativity,curiosity,open-mindedness,love of learning,perspective, innovation Courage: bravery,persistence, integrity,vitality Humanity:love,kindness, social intelligence Justice: citizenship, fairness, leadership Temperance:forgivenessandmercy,humility,prudence,self control Transcendence:appreciation of beauty and excellence,gratitude,hope,humor,spirituality Critical reflections about your intervention plan: What might the pitfalls be? One of the main pitfalls of my intervention plan is positive psychology relies heavily on the notion that there are only negative or positive emotions, but Larsen et al.(2001,2004) concluded that this view is too simplistic as feelings are often mixed. Hefferon Boniwell (2011, p22-223) also argues that hope on one hand can be positive, but also lead to negative emotions like anxiety. Other researchers critize that positive psychology focuses to much on positivity and thus negating the potential of benifits of negative moods, such as bonding over negative complaints and events(Kowalski, 2002). Positive psychology interventions does not come with a one-size fits all as individuals, institutions and countries might have similar values or strengths but different ways of expressing them. Defensive pessimism might be another way of expressing this for certain individuals. The body of research being conducted on children and adolescents is growing. The interventions might also come of as b eing some kind of overt mind control when we try to make individuals focus on only the positive aspects of life.

Rabies: Closer Than You Think :: science

Rabies: Closer Than You Think Rabies, a virus of the nervous system and salivary glands is a fast moving killer; it’s not something to mess around with. Rabies comes from the Latin word â€Å"to rage†. Rabies is easily associated with rage. When people think of rabies, they usually think of a mad raccoon or dog, foaming at the mouth and running around crazy; dying soon after. The thought of going crazy is a pretty reasonable guess for how rabies torments its victims. The virus enters through a bite or transfer of infected saliva and makes its way through the nerves toward your spinal cord and brain. Obviously, rabies is an extremely deadly virus that affects the nervous system. Immediately after being bitten, you need to seek medical attention or death will come within a week. Rabies is a very fatal virus that, without proper medical attention, will kill its victims very swiftly, but there are ways to help. There is a vaccine for people who are likely to get rabies, and there is a vaccine that, if used immediately after the exposure to the rabid animal, can save the victim of rabies. These vaccines have saved the lives of many. Medical technology at its finest is what saves victims of these horrible diseases, but if you are too late and do not receive the proper treatment in time, well, death is a lot closer than you think. Rabies is a disease that requires fast treatment. Go too slow and all you can do is wait until death comes; painfully and tormenting you until you draw your last breath. Most often the cause of contamination is through the bite of a rabid animal. The virus then spreads through the nerves until it reaches the central nervous system (CNS) which is the spinal cord and the brain. Then the virus incubates in the infected creature’s body for approximately 3-12 weeks. The victim shows no signs of illness during this â€Å"incubation period†. When the virus reaches the brain, it multiplies rapidly, passes to the salivary glands, and the infected creature begins to show signs of disease. The infected creature usually dies within 1 week of becoming sick. Within four or five days, the victim my then either slip into a months long coma ending in death or die suddenly of cardiac arrest. Rabies is extremely dangerous. It’s important to treat the wound when you have been bitten, but the disease isn’t always transmitted through a bite.

Aurora Biosciences Corporation

This is one of those picket and shovel companies in the Biotechnology sector. ABSC designs and develops drug discovery technologies and services. Aurora Biosciences is developing a system using fluorescent assay technologies and ultra-high-throughput screening systems (UHTSS) to allow researchers to overcome many limitations of traditional drug discovery processes. Aurora's functional genomics technology can successfully analyze over half a billion discrete cells derived from 20 million independent GenomeScreen(TM) clones in one day. It's GenomeScreen(TM) technology acts as a search engine to rapidly scan the genome of living, human cells to find genes associated with specified diseases or physiological processes. ABSC has technology capable of searching through expansive libraries of compounds to identify those that might lead to new medicines. This enables Aurora to rapidly identify commercially relevant genes, and to directly develop screens for drug discovery, faster and more efficiently than existing methods. To date, Aurora has filed for patent protection on over 100 previously unknown gene sequences, including their use for compound screening, human diagnostics and drug discovery. ge ·nome – set of chromosomes: the full complement of genetic information that an individual organism inherits from its parents, especially the set of chromosomes and the genes they carry. A genome is the complete collection of an organism's genetic material. The human genome is made of about 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on the 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. A single human chromosome may contain more than 250 million DNA base pairs, and it is estimated that the entire human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs. Genetic information is found in each cell of the body, encoded in the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The ultimate goal of genomic mapping and sequencing is to associate specific human traits and inherited diseases with genes at locations on the chromosomes. The successful completion of the genome project will provide a better understanding of the organization of human genes and chromosomes. It promises to revolutionize both therapeutic and preventive medicine by providing insights into the basic biochemical processes that cause many Human diseases. Celera (CRA) will soon reveal the sequence of the genome. When completed it will steer to a new great scientific challenge. The big commercial challenge after the completion of the genome will be to understand the function of the genes identified. (This market will be colossal) Aurora stands at the crossroads of this challenge by conducting the gene discovery while at the same time assigning function information to the genes. With their GenomeScreen technology, they're in the business of discovering what genes actually do. So a challenge to sequence-based patents would likely heat up demand for Aurora's technology. (Ok, it gets complicated here so just bare with me) Currently, about 20% of discovery programs are based on genomics. In fact, it has been predicted that virtually all new discovery programs will be genomics based in a few years. A major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry is to determine which of these â€Å"targets† is significant from the drug discovery perspective (meaning $$$). To do this, companies must assign functions to the targets (what it does). Once the target has been identified, you still have to build a screen to find drugs that affect the target, a process which takes up to a year. Aurora's Genomics and Molecular Biology division has developed a technology to overcome these challenges. The value that Aurora brings to this process is added at all stages, from gene identification to target validation to screening compounds to the compounds themselves. In other words, it does important (cool) stuff that makes the company the good old American dollar bill. Revenue in 1999 was 90% higher than in 1998. Aurora has grown from $2 million in revenue in 1996 to $50 million in revenue in 1999, compared to revenue of $26.5 million and a net loss of $18.7 million, or $1.14 per share, for the year ended December 31, 1998. This year ABSC is expected to make $.19 and $.34 in 2001. Last year ABSC made $.01 per share, its EPS growth is expected to be 1750% this year and 82.43% in 2001. From three months ago its earnings have been raised 11.7% for 2000 and 21.4% for 2001. In the past four quarters is has beat expectations by between 18.75% and 54.55%. It is estimated that it†s growth for the next five years will be around 50%. ABSC has a proprietary enabling technology, agreements with almost every major pharma co., forecast profitability, high growth, strong management team, track record of exceeding earnings forecast, growth industry, small float leading to great price elasticity, and one positive press release after another and most importantly an explosive market. The future of this company is very bright. This sector is very volatile, this is a long term hold. The price hit a high of $140 a few months and has now dropped to $31 7/8. The reason for the drop was due to President Clinton†s comments concerning the Human Genome. Those comments do not affect ABSC, but because the shareholders did not know what Aurora Biosciences does they sold when Clinton said something negative about genomics. He said that when the Human Genome was decoded it would have to be shared. ABSC benefits from genome, it does not sell it. Current customers include American Home Products, Becton Dickinson, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Cytovia, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Exelixis Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffmann- LaRoche Ltd., Genentech, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome, Merck & Co., Inc., National Cancer Institute, Pfizer, Inc., Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc. and Warner-Lambert Disclaimer: (its really good and it took me a lot of time to phrase it just right, so please read it) I know that the future growth might sound too good to be true and it might actually. And remember these are only ESTIMATES and no matter how conservative I make them sound the company might not fulfill them. This is not an investment advisory service, it is recommended that you consult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The information herein should not be construed as an offer to buy or sell securities. The information is taken from sources thought to be accurate but there is no guarantee. All due diligence should be done by the reader or their financial advisor.

The reading of the ammeter Essays

The reading of the ammeter Essays The reading of the ammeter Paper The reading of the ammeter Paper To find out how the length of a wire affects its resistance. Introduction- Metal is a good conductor of electricity. This is because their atoms contain small negatively charged particles called electrons. Some of these electrons are not fully attached to their atoms. This means that they can be easily detached and made to flow through the metal. This creates a current. If a wire has a low resistance, then more current will flow through the wire easily. Before the electric current was fully understood, people thought that the current flowed from the positive to the negative. This is opposite to the flow of electrons and is now know as the conventional current. An electrical current is a flow of an electric charge, so the amount of charge is will depend on the strength of the current. This is measured in Coulombs. The equation for this is: Charge= Current x Time Q = I x T Coulombs= Amperes x Seconds Factors affecting resistance Thickness- There are some factors that affect the resistance of a wire. The first of these things is the thickness of the wire. A thicker wire will have less resistance than a thin wire, because there are more paths for the electrons to flow through. The easier that it is for electrons to pass through a wire, the lower its resistance is. Material- The material a wire is made from can also have an affect on the amount of Resistance it will have. Some wires may contain more atoms than other materials. This would mean that there would be an increase in the amount of collisions between the atoms and electrons. This would mean that there might be a higher resistance. Copper would have a higher resistance than ni-crome, as the ni-crome is a better conductor of electricity that copper. Temperature- The temperature of the wire will also affect the resistance that it has. If the wire has a high temperature, then the atoms in the wire will be vibrating quickly. This will make it harder for electrons to pass through. The more heat that there is, the more resistance that there is also. Ohm investigated how the temperature of a wire can affect its resistance. Ohms law states, If the temperature of a conductor does not alter, then the current which flows through it is proportional to the potential difference applied. The gradient of this line should always be constant. You get this line by- R=I/V Resistance= Current / Voltage Ohms = Amperes / Volts. If my experiment is accurate enough and I control all the factors that affect resistance, then I should get a graph that looks a bit like this. It will have a sloping line with a constant gradient. Length- The length of a wire can also have a large affect on its resistance. A long wire will have more resistance than a short wire. This is because it is easier for electrons to pass through the short wire than through the long wire. This means that there are fewer collisions between the moving atoms in the short wire than the long wire. Therefore there is more current flowing as there is less resistance. Resistance slows down the flow of electrons through the wire. Prediction- I think that the short thick wire will have a larger current flowing through it and therefore, it will have less resistance than a long thin wire. If there is a large current, then there is a low resistance. If there is a low resistance, then there is a large current. If there are more than 6 x 10(18) electrons flowing through it per second, then the current is 1 ampere, giving a lower resistance. Preliminary work- I am going to do some preliminary work. I think that this will help me work out the best way of doing my experiment. I think that it should help me to decided which way is best to measure my results and also how often I will need to measure the wire. I am going to try and take some measurements off the three different thicknesses of wire that are available to me. I am going to use ni-crome wire of the thickness 28swg, 24swg and 22swg. I am going to keep my voltage at 4 volts, so not to burn the wire out. I am going to take the current at 10cm, 50cm and 100cm. Here are my results: Thickness (S. W. G) Length (cm) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms). Plan- Apparatus- For my experiment, I will need the following items: Three 100cm lengths of ni-crome wire.   Power pack. Ammeter.   Meter rule. Crocodile clips.   Wires.   Power supply. Diagram- Safety precautions- As an extra safety precaution, I will not use more than four volts on my wire. If I use more than four volts, then I may burn the wire out. I will also, never put the clips with ten cm of each other. This is because if I put them to close on the wire, the current flowing through them will be to strong and the wire will melt. I will also make sure that I do not touch the wire when the clips are on them. Between the clips, the wire gets very hot and if I touch it, I may burn my self on it. Fair test- To make my experiment fair, I will have to try to control certain things through the experiment. I will need to try to keep the room temperature at a constant level. This will ensure that the atoms do not gain too much energy. I will need to always keep my voltage on four, to ensure that there isnt a different amount of current flowing through the wire. I will also need to try to keep my measurements as accurate as I can. I have decided to measure the wire every two cms. I think that this will be a good amount to use as it should give me a good range of results and there wont be big gaps between them. My result table may look very big, but once I put my results on to a graph, then I should get a detailed graph of my results. I will try to use the same wire each time that I do my experiment. This is because if one wire has been used more than another, then some of the electrons may have been burned out. This would cause a decrease in the resistance. Method-The first thing that I will need to do for my experiment, is to make sure that I have all of my equipment and I have a results table ready to put my results into. Once I am ready to start, I will turn the ammeter to 20m and the voltage on the power box to 4 volts. I will then turn the power on. I will take the first wire, 28swg and place the first crocodile clip at 0cm. I will then take the second clip, and I will place it at 10cm. I will take the reading of the ammeter and write it into my results table. I will then continue to move the clip along the wire, stopping every 2cm. I will carry this on until I reach 100cm.

Strategic Management Process Essays

Strategic Management Process Essays Strategic Management Process Paper Strategic Management Process Paper Running head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS Strategic Management Process MGT 498 In the following paper the strategic management process will be discussed. First to be described will be the primary components of a strategic management process. I will also indicate why a strategic management process is needed for a company. Finally I will research Apple and describe their strategic management process. The first step to strategic management is 1. Developing a strategic vision. The management or leader must come up with a vision for the company. This vision should focus on where management wants the company to be in five years. â€Å"A big first step in developing the strategic vision is to create a mission statement. The mission statement should define what an organizations purpose is and what it hopes to accomplish in the future. The corporate identity begins to take shape when the mission statement captures the strategic vision of leadership† (Akbar, 2008). The second step is setting objectives. This step puts the mission statement into action. It gives employees something to work toward. The third step is crafting strategy to achieve objectives. Management needs to develop a strategy for all employees to follow to reach the companies goals. The management needs to take into consideration all aspects of the goal including competitors. The fourth step is implementing ; executing strategy. This step is when the plan will hit the streets. Management has to make sure the plan fits with the company. The final step is evaluating and correcting. A good team is always looking for ways to improve the company. The plan must constantly be looked at for improvements. One company that has a good strategic management process is apple. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. Apples mission statement is as follows: â€Å" Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers globally through innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings† (Apple, 2011). By following this mission statement apple has the most dedicated and loyal customer base. With profit growing every day and consumers waiting in line for hours for the hottest apple product is incredible. There are only a few items that people will wait in an outrageous line for: 1. Black Friday Sales 2. Apple products. It is extremely hard to keep inventing new products to keep customers happy but apple seems to know the trick. Apple has a great strategic process that is monitored closely. If there is new technology to be invented apple is going to invent it. Any company that wants to succeed has to implement a strategic management process. If a company hires a good management team that follows thru with objectives and is a great leader the company will succeed. Any company has to monitor competition closely and always be one step ahead. If a company can be successful they have a good chance of following in apples footsteps. One does have to remember that apple just recently has been reinvented, everyone should have look on the bright side. Reference Akbar, M. (2008). Elements of the strategic management process. Retrieved from helium. com/items/844145-elements-of-the-strategic-management-process? page=2 Apple. (2011). Apple Infor. Retrieved from apple. com/about/

(social Work) Mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

(social Work) Mental health - Essay Example This is when the social workers come in to contain and help the individual control and master their emotions (Howe 2008, p.2). Social workers dealing with mental health work with such individuals to help them overcome their mental disorders. They resolve these disorders, usually associated with families that have a line of mental health illness or those with psychosocial problems. However, some social problems lead to mental disorders such as unemployment, poverty, family distress, trauma and disability. These problems usually lead to emotional imbalance resulting in suicidal thoughts, depression, relationship problems, anxiety, family conflicts, personality disorders, and trauma and adjustment issues. The social workers provide a range of interventions that are evidence-based which focus on bringing out solutions such as psycho education, detailed psychosocial assessment and narrative therapy (Adams, Dominelli & Payne 2009, p.xvi). Mental health workers play a major role in rehabilitating the life of the individual with mental disorders. This multiplies further to bring peace, harmony and relaxation in families and communities in which these individuals reside. In the end, mental health social workers create a great and positive impact in the community at large (Crawford & Walker 2007, p.20). Mental health services have three broad divisions, which a social worker can either choose to specialize exclusively in one setting or practice across the broad of the three. These health care application programs include treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. Prevention targets to reduce cases of the disorder by modifying stressful environments. Treatment targets at reducing the existing cases of dysfunction in the society, which include processes such as intervention and diagnosis. Rehabilitation main aim is to reduce the after effects caused by a disorder by retraining the individual to

Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Architecture - Essay Example The Tama Art University Library was designed by Toyo Ito. According to Bognar (1985), Ito deals with forms which are pure and abstract. He strives to make building unique by playing with their surfaces, which, in his mind, according to Bognar (1985), â€Å"carry the meaning and the quality of space† (p. 323). The Glasgow School of Art Library was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, who, having designed around the turn of the 20th Century, was considered one of the pioneers of modernism (Nuttgens, 1988). Each of these buildings have distinctive features, themes and ways of playing with light, and, in the case of Arets, sound. Each of these buildings resemble one another in critical ways, yet are different as well. This paper will explain the three buildings, their unifying principles and the way that they differ. University Library in Utrecht The qualities embraced by Arets are on display with the University Library in Utrecht. From the outside, at a glance, it appears to be box-like and black, and looks to have a strong aesthetic. The building is made almost entirely of glass, so it reflects the light and the environment. The facade, according to Beek (2005), consists of alternating opaque and transparent panels, glass and concrete. On the glass is printed jungle trees, while the jungle trees are etched, in relief, on the concrete portions of the facade. However, although the building is dark, it plays with light in different ways. McCarter (2012) explains that the building plays with light by alternating the panels of concrete and glass, and some of the glass panels are double paned and slightly off-kilter. This gives the building a three-dimensional effect, and also allows the sunlight to be filtered through and regulated. Between the panels shifting, the alternation between the concrete and the glass, and jungle patterns on the glass and concrete, the building plays with light in a way that is dynamic. Once inside, Beek (2005) describes the interio r as a contrast, as the floor is reflecting and white, and this contrasts with the dark concrete panels. Once the individual comes in through the main entrance, McCarter (2012), states that there is a gallery there, and this leads to a large staircase. The main idea is that the white reflecting floor, and the contrasting dark concrete, is repeated throughout the interior. When one reaches the first level, there is an atrium that is at full height. On the inside, one understands that there are spatial volumes which correspond with the solid outside walls. Meanwhile, the glass panels vertically close the facade line. Beek (2005) states that the interior of the library consists of lecture rooms, bookshelves and archives, all on different levels, and that each of the different levels have a different style. Some of the levels feature open terraces. Some feature rooms which are enclosed with balconies. One meeting room is cantilevered, and facing the atrium completely. There is some colo r inside, notably red, which is the color of some of the fixed furnitures. The textures and relief on the outside glass and concrete turn out to be functional, with regards to the acoustics and the light inside the building, according to Beek (2005). This is because the relief texture on the concrete absorbs the outside sounds. The glass imprintations regulates the sunlight. Therefore, the inside building is silent and open, because of this light and sound regulation. Therefore,

Reflections on Styles and Context of News Reporting Essay

Reflections on Styles and Context of News Reporting - Essay Example This meant that events happening would take several hours or even days before becoming public knowledge. Presently, great changes have occurred and this reflective essay reviews these changes and advances in my own eyes and experiences. Reflections My experiences in journalism, news, and event reporting include using multimedia like video, photos and recorded voice to capture news, which I then send to the editorial office from whichever location through the world wide web and sometimes live via satellite television. The news is quickly edited before being relayed to audiences as ‘breaking news’. I have experienced live events being simultaneously shown to audiences through different media including television, cable and on the internet while the events are happening as happened during the Soviet revolution in the early nineties. I can use my mobile phone or portable to capture, edit, and send news all over the world via social networking through the internet and relay l ive pictures and commentary, occasionally just a few seconds behind the real event as Zahid (2010) avers. This is unlike the earlier days of journalism when reporting involved using notebooks and a camera or a video recorder with tape which was followed by sometimes a long journey to the main office, upload pictures (or develop them if taken on film), edit video using a long cut and paste process before compiling a news feature. Events occurring yesterday are reported as today’s news. Technology has changed all this, as I am now able to post news articles online, have a quick electronic version of the print newspaper posted on the news company’s web page where people can read the news and even post their own comments and views. So while in the olden days news reporting used to be a one way communication system (at least in the short term) where people just read what was printed and comments would take from days to weeks, presently readers can comment on news through bl ogging and comments on the web 2.0 platform. Watching and following the Egyptian revolution, I not only saw and experienced people power but importantly, but at a personal level experienced a new way in relaying information and following events that have forever changed my journalism practices. I can integrate news and information using the internet, mobile phones as well as traditional telephone and print media to distribute information, cheaply confirms Krotoski (2011). Through the Egyptian revolution, I have come to discover that not just governments and editors have control over what news and the public consumes information; the cost of distributing and sharing news has been greatly reduced thanks in no small part to technology and web 2.0. I can capture and share news with the world using only a cell phone with a decent camera. I have discovered that consumers of news, be it through print or electronic media, want news as they are happening and want to be able to easily alert f riends and other people instantly on what is happening so they can also view what is happening. The advent of the internet makes this possible; I could be relaying breaking news from the news site using my cell phone onto the newspapers’ or TV stations’ Twitter, Facebook or You tube page, and a reader logged in gets the news and tweets or chats with their friends about what is happening, all in just a few seconds. The news is transmitted so fast and in real

Just-In-Time Inventory Practices Essay Example for Free

Just-In-Time Inventory Practices Essay The Just in Time inventory system is the one which aims at reducing the cost of inventory at nay organization by monitoring the holding cost of it. It aims at reducing all the costs that are associated with inventory management and to enhance the production of products. The philosophy aims at the production of goods â€Å"at the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity† (Muller, 2003). History of Just In Time Inventory System Just in Time inventory system is another name of lean production system. The creator of the philosophy of Just in Time Inventory was Taiichi Ohno, the father of Toyota Production System (TPS) in Japan. The TPS systematizes production and logistics for the vehicle manufacturer, together with communication with the suppliers and customers. The system was between the years 1948 and 1975. As it was previously called the Just In Time Production, the TPS was basically built on the writings of Edward Deming and the famous car manufacturer Henry Ford. When the founders of Toyota visited United States, they were not impressed by the assembly line of Ford which focused on the concept of mass production, however, when they visited the super market, they were very impressed by the system of resupply and replenishment of drinks only when one drink was consumed. They adopted this system and named it â€Å"The Toyota Way†. Characteristics of Just in Time Inventory System Just In Time system gained popularity. It focused on many aspects of production and helped many organizations reduce their costs on their inventory. The basic characteristics of Just in Time inventory system are that it reduces the inventory accumulation in any organization. The holding cost of inventory goes down and hence the production costs are reduced by large figures. As opposed to the mass production system, lean production or Just in Time production system focused on production of goods in batches. The production is done in smaller lots and sizes. It also focuses on the aspect of quality control and inspection. The smaller lot sizes give the advantage of better inspection of the production batches. The production or the assembly line is divided into work cells, the system step by step production system which saves the capacity and saves the time to move from one step to the other. The most important characteristic is waste minimization at all times. With lesser inventory accumulation, the costs reduce, the inventory does not go obsolete and costs of warehousing and safety does not incur. Currently, organizations that have maintaining their supply chain are effectively making the use of Just in Time inventory system (Hugos, 2006). Benefits of Just in Time inventory System There are lots of advantages in implementing JIT lean manufacturing. JIT makes manufacturing operations competent, cost efficient and customer responsive. It allows producers to acquire and collect materials just before theyre needed, thus lessening the cost and trouble of administrating redundant parts. With the constantly changing demand JIT is apt to the producers’ needs of purchasing new inventory all the time. By acquiring only a limited and certain amount of inventory, the costs are saved and if the demand of a product goes down, the manufacturers are saved from huge losses they might incur from extra inventory that has gone outdated. Not only the inventory problems, producing the right quantity of goods saves the companies from accumulating capital in unsold inventory. Hence, there is no waste during production and demand is accurately met (Muller, 2003). Demerits of Just in Time System Even though the Just in Time system has some advantages, it lacks at some points. Just in Time system if not kept well can disrupt the whole supply chain of an organization. The companies which produce goods that have fluctuating demand can find it difficult to implement Just in Time. The demand does not allow the manufacturers to rely on a certain quantity of material. If the demand is too low, their inventory can go in waste, and if the demand is too high, they might not be able to fulfill the demand completely in a single batch of production (Sharma Narayan, 2010) (from UIU Library). Just in Time has got some major risks associated with it. In countries like Pakistan and India where labor strikes and political instability makes it difficult to ascertain the demand and if the supplies don’t reach the factories and plants on time, supply chain can disrupt. However, these issues can be overcome by making sure that transportation and logistics are well looked upon and alliances are built with suppliers to ensure that supplies are received right on time. Moreover, the concept of safety stock also comes into existence as the risk out running out of stock increase (Muller, 2003). Practical Application  JIT is a philosophy and can not be implemented as a complete science. However, with minor changes, it can be effectively put into practice. Dell, a famous computer manufacturer has made a successful application of JIT system. The company produces customized PCs and laptops for its customers only when it receives the order. The manufacturer to customer model of selling has also made it very successful and it has also helped the organization to establish its unique selling proposition effectively (Piasecki, 2003). Wal-Mart is another organization with an excellent supply chain and is the world leader in whole sell. It has also made a successful implementation of JIT system. Another organization that is very famous for its initiative of JIT system is none other than Toyota. Toyota has made the use of JIT as well as other philosophies such as Kanban and Kaizen. Their concepts of continuous improvement and card system have made their assembly line produce the car at cheap rate. It might seem that with low cost cars, quality might not be as satisfactory as it supposed to be, but, Toyota has implemented some major quality control system. Six sigma is the foundation of their quality. They have come up with different terms that identify how well the work is going on in the organization. Hence, Toyota is an example that can not be eliminated from the success given by JIT system (Monden, 1998). Conclusion JIT system is highly successful of implemented with complete knowledge and care. The idea of the system is to eliminate waste and save costs that are stuck with several kinds of waste during a production process.